Kingdom of Greece - House of Oldenburg

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THE KINGDOM OF GREECE - HELLENES

Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος - Vasílion tis Elládos

House of Wittelsbach & House of Oldenburg

The Kingdom of Greece (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος, Vasíleion tīs Elládos) was
a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers (the
United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire). It was internationally recognized
in the Treaty of Constantinople, where it also secured full independence from the
Ottoman Empire, marking the birth of the first fully independent Greek state since
the fall of the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans in the mid-
15th century. It succeeded from the Greek provisional governments of the Greek War
of Independence, and lasted until 1924, when the monarchy was abolished, and the
Second Hellenic Republic declared. The Kingdom was restored in 1935, and lasted
until 1974, when, in the aftermath of a seven-year military dictatorship, the
current Third Republic came into existence.

The List of the Kings of Greece

* King Otto............................................................................6 February 1833 - 23 October 1862
* King George I...........................................................................30 March 1863 - 18 March 1913
* King Constantine I....18 March 1913 - 11 June 1917 and 19 December 1920 - 27 September 1922
* King Alexander..........................................................................11 June 1917 - 25 October 1920
* King George II............27 September 1922 - 25 March 1924 and 3 November 1935 - 1 April 1947
* King Paul........................................................................................1 April 1947 - 6 March 1964
* King Constantine II..........................................................................6 March 1964 - 1 June 1973

The Family Titles and Styles

The members of the Royal Family bear the title Prince or Princess of Greece

and Denmark, and Royal Highness. They still bear the Danish title because

King George I never renounced his rights to the Danish throne when he

assumed the Greek one, though he did defer his succession rights and

agreed that his younger brother's would supersede his. What view the

Danish Court and government take of the Greeks' use of the Danish titles

is not clear. The members of the Greek Royal Family are no longer in the

line of succession to the Danish throne, however.

The House of Wittlesbach

Otto, prince of Bavaria or Othon, king of Greece (Greek: Ὄθων, Βασιλεὺς τῆς Ἑλλάδος,
Óthon, Vasiléfs tis Elládos; 1 June 1815 - 26 July 1867) was made the first modern
King of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new
independent kingdom under the protection of the Great Powers (the United Kingdom,
France and the Russian Empire).

The second son of the philhellene King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly
-created throne of Greece while still a minor. His government was initially run by
a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. Upon reaching his
majority, Otto removed the regents when they proved unpopular with the people and
he ruled as an absolute monarch. Eventually his subjects' demands for a Constitution
proved overwhelming and in the face of an armed but peaceful insurrection, Otto
granted a Constitution in 1843.

File:Detail - The Entry of King Othon of Greece in Athens-1839.jpg

Throughout his reign, Otto faced political challenges concerning Greece's financial
weakness and the role of the government in the affairs of the Church. The politics
of Greece of this era was based on affiliations with the three Great Powers, and
Otto's ability to maintain the support of the powers was key to his remaining in
power. To remain strong, Otto had to play the interests of each of the Great Powers'
Greek adherents against the others, while not aggravating the Great Powers. When
Greece was blockaded by the (British) Royal Navy in 1850 and again in 1853, to stop
Greece from attacking the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War, Otto's standing
amongst Greeks suffered. As a result, there was an assassination attempt on the
Queen and finally, in 1862, Otto was deposed while in the countryside. He died
in exile in Bavaria in 1867.

http://www.mlahanas.de/Greece/History/Portraits/OttoPainting2.jpg

File:Joseph Karl Stieler - Duchess Marie Frederike Amalie of Oldenburg, Queen of Greece.jpg

OTTO I, Friedrich Ludwig, b.Salzburg 1 Jan 1815, accepted the Crown of Greece 27 May 1832

and became Otto, King of Greece; he fled the country after an insurrection 24 Oct 1862,

and d.at Bamberg 26 Jul 1867; he m. Oldenburg 22 Nov 1836 Amalie Dss of Oldenburg

(Oldenburg 21 Dec 1818-Bamberg 20 May 1875)

The House of Oldenburg

After King Otto was deposed in 1862, 17-year-old Prince William of Denmark was
elected to the throne as a constitutional monarch, known as George I. He reigned
for 50 years, and his tenure is remembered for expanding the boundaries of Greece
(upon his accession to the crown, Britain ceded the Ionian Islands to Greece),
its economic progress and the acceptance of the concept that the government should
be headed up by the leader of the party that received the most votes in the previous
election, not whichever minister was most favoured by the king. Nevertheless, King
George I was quite politically active. He was assassinated in 1913 in Thessaloniki,
which had recently fallen to Greece as a result of the victory of the Balkan League
(of which Greece was a part) in the First Balkan War.

File:King Gerorge and Queen Olga of Greece.jpg

King George I was succeeded by his son, King Constantine I, who had distinguished
himself as a military leader in Greece's drive to add territory to her demesne.
He was educated in Germany, and married Sophia, the daughter of the Kaiser.
Constantine was perceived as pro-German, in opposition to Eleftherios Venizelos'
support for the Triple Entente. Further bolstering this view was the king's overt
efforts to keep Greece neutral in the First World War. The Entente Powers backed
Eleftherios Venizelos and after a period, known as the National Schism, where
separate governments were established in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece joined
the Entente and King Constantine was forced to abdicate in favour of his son,
Alexander in 1917. Greece was rewarded for her support of the winning side in the
war with territories in Asia Minor including Smyrna. King Alexander died in 1920
from a monkey bite and his father returned as king. After the disastrous Greco-Turkish
War (1919-1922), King Constantine was deposed again and he died in exile in Sicily.

King Constantine was now succeeded by his eldest son, King George II, who left
the country in 1924 when the Second Hellenic Republic was declared. In 1935 a
military coup headed by General Georgios Kondylis abolished the Republic, and
staged a plebiscite which approved the restoration of the monarchy. King George
II returned to the country, where he subsequently actively supported the
dictatorial Metaxas Regime. During the German invasion of Greece in 1941, he
fled with the government to Egypt. He returned to Greece in 1946 and reigned
until his death in 1947.

King George was followed by his last brother, King Paul who reigned from 1947 until
his death in 1964. His son, King Constantine II was king until he was exiled after
a failed counter coup against the military junta in December 1967. The Junta appointed
an illegal Regent in place of the King and eventually staged a carefully controlled
plebiscite in 1973, which led to the illegal abolition of the monarchy. Georgios
Papadopoulos became the new President of Greece on 1 June 1973.

The reign of the military junta effectively ended the following year but King
Constantine II was not restored to the throne. The matter of his restoration
was set in another plebiscite in December 1974, where 69% of Greeks voted for
the final abolition of the monarchy.

The Genealogy of The Royal House

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GEORGE I, Christian Wilhelm Ferdinand Adolf Georg Pr of Denmark [see

Denmark], b.Copenhagen 24 Dec 1845; he was selected by the Powers

to take the Greek throne after Otto of Bavaria was forced into exile;

he assumed the throne 31 Oct 1863, becoming King GIORGIOS I of

the Hellenes; he was assassinated at Salonika 18 Mar 1913; he m.at

St.Petersburg 27 Oct 1867 Olga Constantinovna Grand Dss

of Russia (Pavlovsk 3 Sep 1851-Pau, Béarn 18 Jun 1926)

1a) KONSTANTINOS I, King of the Hellenes (Athens 2 Aug 1868-

Palermo 11 Jan 1923); he succeeded his father in 1913, abdicated

for himself and his eldest son in Jun 1917, resumed the throne in 1

920 after the death of his second son, and then abdicated again,

in favor of his eldest son, 27 Sep 1922; he m.at Athens 27 Oct 1889

Sophie Pss of Prussia (Potsdam 14 Jun 1870-Frankfurt 13 Jan 1932)

File:Laszlo - Elisabeth von Rumänien.jpg

1b) GIORGIOS II, King of the Hellenes 27 Sep 1922-25 Mar 1924 and

3 Nov 1935-1 Apr 1947 (Tatoi 19 Jul 1890-Athens 1 Apr 1947); m.

Bucharest 27 Feb 1921 (div 1935) Elisabeth Pss of Romania

(Pelesch 12 Oct 1894-Cannes 14 Nov 1956)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Alexander_I_of_Greece.png

2b) ALEXANDROS I, King of the Hellenes Jun 1917-25 Oct 1920

(Tatoi 1 Aug 1893-Athens 25 Oct 1920); m.Athens 4 Nov 1919

Aspasia Manos, cr Pss of Greece 10 Sep 1922

(Athens 4 Sep 1896-Venice 7 Aug 1972)

1c) Alexandra (Athens 25 Mar 1921-Burges Hills, nr Lewes 30

Jan 1993); m.London 20 Mar 1944 King Peter II of Yugoslavia

(Belgrade 6 Sep 1923-Denver 3 Nov 1970)

3b) Elena (Athens 3 May 1896-Lausanne 28 Nov 1982); m.Athens 10

Mar 1921 King Carol II of Romania (Sinaia 15 Oct 1893-Estoril 4 Apr 1953)

4b) PAVLOS I, King of the Hellenes on the death of his eldest brother,

King George II, on 1 Apr 1947, was b.Athens 14 Dec 1901 and d.

at Tatoi, nr Athens 6 Mar 1964; he m.at Athens 9 Jan 1938

Friederike Pss of Hannover, Dss of Braunschweig-Lüneburg

(Blankenburg, Harz 18 Apr 1917-Madrid 6 Feb 1981)

1c) Sofia, b.Psychiko 2 Nov 1938; m.Athens 14 May

1962 King Juan Carlos of Spain (b.Rome 5 Jan 1938)

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2c) KONSTANTINOS II, King of the Hellenes from the death of his

father until he was forced into exile 13 Dec 1967, b.Psychiko 2 Jun

1940; m.Athens 18 Sep 1964 Anne-Marie Pss of Denmark

(b.Amalienborg 30 Aug 1946)

1d) Alexia, b.Mon Repos, Corfu 10 Jul 1965; m.London 9 Jul 1999

Carlos Morales y Quintana (b.Arrecife de Lanzarote 31 Dec 1970)

1e) Arrietta Morales y de Grecia,

b.Barcelona 24 Feb 2002

2e) Ana-Maria Morales y de Grecia,

b.Barcelona 15 May 2003

3e) Carlos Morales y de Grecia,

b.Barcelona 30 Jul 2005

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2d) Pavlos, Crown Pr of Greece, Duke of Sparta, b.Tatoi 20 May 1967;

m.London 1 Jul 1995 Marie-Chantal Miller (b.London 17 Sep 1968)

1e) Maria-Olympia,

b.New York 25 Jul 1996

2e) Constantine-Alexios,

b.New York 29 Oct 1998

3e) Achileas-Andreas,

b.New York 12 Aug 2000

4e) Odyseus Kimon,

b.London 17 Sep 2004

3d) Nikolaos, b.Rome

1 Oct 1969

4d) Theodora, b.Paddington,

London 9 Jun 1983

5d) Philippos, b.Paddington,

London 26 Apr 1986

2c) Yriny, b.Cape Town,

South Africa 11 May 1942

5b) Yriniy (Athens 13 Feb 1904-Fiesole 15 Apr 1974); m.Florence 1

Jul 1939 Aimone Pr of Savoy, Duke of Aosta, titular King of

Croatia (Turin 9 Mar 1900-Buenos Aires 30 Jan 1948)

6b) Katharina, b.Athens 4 May 1913; in 1947 she took the style of "

Lady Catherine Brandram"; m.Athens 21 Apr 1947 Richard Campbell

Brandram (Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex 5 Aug 1911-Marlow 28 Mar 1994)

1c) Richard Paul George Andrew Brandram, b.London 1 Apr 1948;

m.London 12 Feb 1975 Jennifer Steele (b.London 23 Aug 1951)

1d) Sophie Eila Brandram,

b.Wimbledon 23 Jan 1981

2d) Nicholas George Brandram,

b.Wimbledon 23 Apr 1982

3d) Alexia Katherine Brandram,

b.Wimbledon 6 Dec 1985

2a) Giorgios (Corfu 24 Jun 1869-St.Cloud 25 Nov 1957); m.(civ)

Paris 21 Nov 1907 (rel) Athens 12 Dec 1907 Pss Marie Bonaparte

(St.Cloud 2 Jul 1882-Gassin 21 Sep 1962)

1b) Petros (Paris 3 Dec 1908-London 15 Oct 1980); m.Madras 9 Sep

1939 Irene Ovtchinnikova (St.Petersburg 11 Oct 1904-Paris 12 Mar 1990)

2b) Evgenia (Paris 10 Feb 1910-Geneva 13 Feb 1989); m.1st Paris

30 May 1938 (div 1946) Pr Dominic Radziwill (Balice 23 Jan 1911-

Geneva 19 Nov 1976); m.2d Athens 28 Nov 1949 (div 1965) Raymundo

Pr della Torre e Tasso, Duca di Castel Duino (Castel Duino

16 Mar 1907-Castel Duino 17 Mar 1986)

3a) Alexandra (Corfu 18 Aug 1870-Ilyinskoie 21 Sep 1891);

m.St.Petersburg 17 Jun 1889 Grand Duke Paul of Russia

(Tsarskoie Selo 3 Oct 1860-St.Petersburg 30 Jan 1919)

4a) Nikolaos (Athens 22 Jan 1872-Athens

8 Feb 1938); m. Tsarskoie Selo

29 Aug 1902 Helena Grand Dss of Russia

(Tsarskoie Selo 17 Jan 1882-Athens 13 Mar 1957)

1b) Olga (Tatoi 11 Jun 1903-Paris 16 Oct 1997); m.Belgrade 22 Oct 1923

Paul Pr of Yugoslavia (St.Petersburg 27 Apr 1893-Paris 14 Sep 1976)

2b) Elisabeta (Tatoi 24 May 1904-Munich 11 Jan 1955); m.(civ) Munich

9 Jan 1934 (rel) Schloß Seefeld 10 Jan 1934 Carl Theodor Gf zu

Toerring-Jettenbach (Winhöring 22 Sep 1900-Munich 14 May 1967)

3b) Marina (Athens 13 Dec 1906-Kensington Palace 27 Aug 1968); m.

Westminster Abbey 29 Nov 1934 George Pr of Great Britain and

Ireland, Duke of Kent (Sandringham 20 Dec 1902-k.

in flying accident nr Caithness 25 Aug 1942)

5a) Maria (Athens 3 Mar 1876-Athens 14 Dec 1940); m.1st Corfu 12

May 1900 George Grand Duke of Russia (Bielyi-Klutsch 23 Aug

1863-St.Petersburg 30 Jan 1919); m.2d Wiesbaden 16

Dec 1922 Pericles Joannides (1 Nov 1881-7 Feb 1965)

6a) Olga (Athens 7 Apr

1880-Athens 2 Nov 1880)

7a) Andreas (Athens 1 Feb 1882-Monte Carlo 3 Dec 1944); m.

Darmstadt 7 Oct 1903 Alice Pss von Battenberg (Windsor

Castle 25 Feb 1885-Buckingham Palace 5 Dec 1969)

1b) Margarita (Athens 18 Apr 1905-Bad Wiessee 24 Apr 1981); m.

Langenburg 20 Apr 1931 Gottfried Fst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg

(Langenburg 24 Mar 1897-Langenburg 11 May 1960)

2b) Theodora (Athens 30 May 1906-Konstanz 16 Oct 1969);

m.Baden-Baden 17 Aug 1931 Berthold, Margrave of Baden

(Karlsruhe 24 Feb 1906-nr Spaichingen 27 Oct 1963)

3b) Cecilia (Tatoi 22 Jun 1911-Steene, nr Ostende 16 Nov 1937); m.

Darmstadt (civ) 23 Jan 1931 (rel) 2 Feb 1931 Georg Donatus Grand Duke of

Hesse and by Rhine (Darmstadt 8 Nov 1906-Steene, nr Ostende 16 Nov 1937)

4b) Sofia (Corfu 26 Jun 1914-Neuhaus bei Schliersee 24 Nov 2001);

m.1st Kronberg, Taunus 15 Dec 1930 Christoph Pr of Hesse (Frankfurt

14 May 1901-k.a.in the Apennines 7 Oct 1943); m.2d Salem (civ)

23 Apr 1946 (rel) 24 Apr 1946 Georg Wilhelm Pr of Hannover,

Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg(Braunschweig 25 Mar 1915-Munich 8 Jan 2006)

5b) Philippos, b.Corfu 10 Jun 1921; m.Westminster Abbey 20 Nov

1947 Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

(b.London 21 Apr 1926); in 1947 he was naturalized a British subject

, took the surname Mountbatten, and was granted the titles Duke

of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich.

For his issue see Great Britain

8a) Christophoros (Pavlovsk 10 Aug 1888-Athens 21 Jan 1940);

m.1st Vevey 1 Jan 1920 None May (Nancy) Stewart (Zanesville

Ohio 20 Jan 1878-London 29 Aug 1923); m.2d Palermo 11 Feb 1929

Françoise Pss d'Orléans (Paris 25 Dec 1902-Paris 25 Feb 1953)

1b) Michael, b.Rome 7 Jan 1939; m.(morganatically)

Athens 7 Feb 1965 Marina Karella (b.Athens 17 Jul 1940)

1c) Alexandra, b.Athens 15 Oct 1968; m.Venice 27 Jun 1998

Nicolas Mirzayantz [Myrzayantz?] (b.Marseille 1 Jan 1963)

1d) Tigran Mirzayantz,

b.New York 16 Aug 2000

2d) Darius Mirzayantz,

b.Apr 2000

2c) Olga Isabelle,

b.Athens 17 Nov 1971
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