Empire of Russia - House of Romanov

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THE EMPIRE OF RUSSIA
Pоссийская Империя
House of Romanov

The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian: Россійская Имперія, Modern
Russian: Российская Империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was
a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia, and the predecessor
of the Soviet Union. It was the second largest contiguous empire
the world has ever seen, surpassed only by the Mongol Empire, and
the third largest empire the world has ever seen, surpassed only by
the Mongol Empire and the British Empire . At one point in 1866,
it stretched from eastern Europe, across Asia, and into North America.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia was the largest country
in the world, extending from the Arctic Ocean to the north to the
Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific
Ocean on the east. Across this vast realm were scattered the Emperor's
176.4 million subjects, the third largest population of the world at
the time, after Qing China and British Empire, but still represented a
great disparity in economic, ethnic, and religious positions. Its
government, ruled by the Emperor, was one of the last absolute
monarchies left in Europe. Prior to the outbreak of World War I in
August 1914 Russia was one of the five major Great Powers of Europe.

The Titles and Styles of The Russian Tsar

The full title of Russian Emperors started with By the
Grace of God, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
(Божию Милостию, Император и Самодержец Всероссийский
[Božiju Milostiju, Imperator i Samoderžec Vserossijskij])
and went further to list all ruled territories. For
example, according to the article 59 of the Russian
Constitution of April 23, 1906, "the full title of His
Imperial Majesty is as follows: We, Nicholas II, by the grace
of God, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, of Moscow,
Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan,
Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonesos,
Tsar of Georgia, Lord of Pskov, and Grand Duke of Smolensk,
Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia, and Finland, Prince of Estonia,
Livonia, Courland and Semigalia, Samogitia, Belostok, Karelia,
Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgaria and other territories;
Lord and Grand Duke of Nizhni Novgorod, Sovereign of Chernigov,
Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria,
Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislavl, and all northern territories;
Sovereign of Iveria, Kartalinia, and the Kabardinian lands and
Armenian territories - hereditary Lord and Ruler of the
Circassians and Mountain Princes and others; Lord of Turkestan,
Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn,
Dithmarschen, Oldenburg, and so forth, and so forth,"

Most Blessed Tsar Nicholas II, Martyr of Holy Russia

The Titles of the Russian Imperial Family

Tsaritsa (царица) is the term used for an Empress, though
in English contexts this seems invariably to be altered
to tsarina (since 1717, from Italian czarina, from German
Zarin). In Imperial Russia, the official title was Empress
(Императрица). Tsaritsa (Empress) could be either the ruler
herself or the wife (Empress consort) of the tsar. The title
of tsaritsa is used in the same way in Bulgaria and Serbia.

Tsesarevich (Цесаревич) is the term for a male heir apparent,
the full title was Heir Tsesarevich ("Naslednik Tsesarevich",
Наследник Цесаревич), informally abbreviated in Russia to
The Heir ("Naslednik") (capitalized).

Tsarevich (царевич) was the term for the ruler's heir. In older
times the term was used in place of "Tsesarevich" (Цесаревич).
A son who was not an heir was formally called Velikii Kniaz
(Великий Князь) (Grand Duke or Grand Prince). The latter title
was also used for grandsons (through male lines).

Tsarevna (царевна) was the term for a daughter and a granddaughter
of a Tsar or Tsaritsa. The official title was Velikaya Kniaginya
(Великая Княгиня), translated as Grand Duchess or Grand Princess.

Tsesarevna (Цесаревна) was the wife of the Tsesarevich.

The Titles and Styles of The Imperial House

The members of this family bear the title Grand Duke/Grand Duchess of Russia
(Imperial Highness) if children or grandchildren of an emperor, and Prince[ss]
of Russia (Highness) if great-grandchildren (or senior agnate of a great-grandson)
of an emperor, and Prince or Princess of Russia (Serene Highness) if more distantly
descended from an emperor. The children of morganatic marriages were usually
given other titles such as Prince or Princess Romanovsky Currently, the issue of
morganatic marriages who have not been granted specific titles seem to have
assumed and been accorded the title Prince or Princess Romanov, together
with the formal appellation of His or Her Highness.

The Monarchs of Russia from 1682 to 1917

Monarch	Birth	Marriages	Death
Peter I the Great 1682-1725	9 June 1672 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	8 February 1725 aged 52
Catherine I 1725-1727	15 April 1684 Ringon, Duchy of Livonia daughter of Samuel Skowroński and Elisabeth Moritz	Peter I of Russia 1707 9 children	17 May 1727 Saint Petersburg aged 43
Peter II 1727-1730	23 October 1715 Saint Petersburg son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and Princess Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	unmarried	30 January 1730 Moscow aged 14
Anna 1730-1740	7 February 1693 Moscow daughter of Tsar Ivan V and Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova	Frederick Wilhelm, Duke of Courland November 1710 no children	28 October 1740 aged 47
Ivan VI 1740-1741	23 August 1740 Saint Petersburg son of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia	unmarried	16 July 1764 Shlisselburg aged 23
Elizabeth 1741-1762	29 December 1709 Kolomenskoye daughter of Emperor Peter I and Empress Catherine I	Alexey Razumovsky(probable) 1742 no children	5 January 1762 aged 52
Peter III 1762	21 February 1728 Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein son of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna	Princess Sophie Friederike Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst 16 August 1745 one son	17 July 1762 (murdered) Ropsha aged 34
Catherine II the Great 1762-1796	2 May 1729 Stettin, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire daughter of Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp	Peter III of Russia 16 August 1745 one son	6 November 1796 Saint Petersburg aged 67
Paul I 1796-1801	1 October 1754 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Peter III and Empress Catherine II	Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 29 September 1773 one stillborn daughter Princess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg 26 September 1776 ten children	23 March 1801 (assassinated) Saint Michael's Castle, Saint Petersburg aged 46
Alexander I the Blessed 1801-1825	23 December 1777 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Louise of Baden 28 September 1793 2 daughters	1 December 1825 Taganrog aged 47
Constantine I (disputed) 1825	27 April 1779 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 26 February no children	27 June 1831 Vitebsk aged 52
Nicholas I the Conqueror 1825-1855	6 July 1796 Gatchina son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Charlotte of Prussia 13 July 1817 7 children	2 March 1855 Saint Petersburg aged 58
Alexander II the Liberator 1855-1881	29 April 1818 Moscow son of Emperor Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine 16 April 1841 8 children	13 March 1881 (assassinated) Saint Petersburg aged 62
Alexander III the Peace-Maker 1881-1894	10 March 1845 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)	Princess Dagmar of Denmark 9 November 1866 6 children	1 November 1894 Livadiya, Crimea
Nicholas II 1894-1917	6 May 1868 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine 26 November 1894 5 children	17 July 1918 (murdered) Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR aged 50
Mikhail II (disputed) 1917	22 November 1878 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)	Natalia Brassova 15 October 1911 one son (born before his parents' marriage)	12 June 1918 (murdered) Perm, Russian SFSR age 39

File:Russian coa 1830.gif

The Headship of The Imperial House and

Family of Russia by The Law of Succession

Under the succession laws put in place in 1797 by Emperor Paul I and added
to by his successors, succession to the throne passed by primogeniture to
the senior male dynast. Upon the death of the last male dynast of the House
of Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp, the succession would pass to the female line.
In order to pass dynastic membership to one's children, a dynast had to
contract an equal marriage with a member of another royal or sovereign house.

The Grand Duke Wladimir of Russia, as the senior male dynast, was head of
the dynasty from 1938 until his death in 1992. Whereas, By the late 1980s, there
survived only five people who by birth were dynasts of the House of Romanov
-Holstein-Gottorp: Grand Duke Wladimir Kirillovich of Russia, Prince Vassily
Alexandrovich of Russia and three female dynasts. Upon the deaths of Prince
Vassily in 1989 and the Grand Duke Wladimir in 1992, the House of Romanov-
Holstein-Gottorp died out in the male line. The headship of the dynasty then
passed, as provided by the succession laws, to the female line: namely, to
the Grand Duke Wladimir's only child and heir, Her Imperial Highness The

Grand Duchess Maria Wladimirovna of Russia, de jure Empress Maria I of

All The Russias, Head of The Imperial House and Family of Holy Russia.

Grand Duchess Maria's heir is her only son by her equal marriage to

His Royal Highness Prince Franz-Wilhelm of Prussia. Following the

precedent established by Peter of Holstein-Gottorp, His Imperial

Highness Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia, de jure Tsarevich

of Russia, is the Heir to The Headship of the Imperial House of Russia

and Heir to The Imperial Throne of All The Russias and all rights therein.

File:CoA Russian Empire.png

The Genealogy of The Russian
Imperial House of Romanov

File:Tsar Mikhail I -cropped.JPG

Mikhail I , Fyodorovich Romanov (In Russian Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов)
(12 July 1596 - 13 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house
of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as
Patriarch Filaret) and Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha).
His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles.

File:Alexis I of Russia.jpg

ALEXEI, Tsar and Autocrat of all the Russias 23 Jul 1645 (Moscow 20 Mar 1629-
Moscow 30 Jan 1678); m.1st Moscow 26 Jan 1648 Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskya
(1625-Moscow 3 Mar 1699); m.2d Moscow 1 Feb 1671 Natalia Kirilovna Naryshkina
(1 Sep 1651-Moscow 4 Feb 1694)

1a) Dimitri (22 Aug 1648-Oct 1649)

2a) Evdokia (17 Feb 1650-10 Mar 1712)

3a) Marfa (4 Sep 1652-18 Jul 1707)

4a) Alexei (15 Feb 1654-27 Jan 1670)

5a) Anna (Jan 1655-May 1659)

6a) Sophia, Regent of Russia 1682-1689
(Moscow 27 Sep 1657-Novodevichiy Convent,
Moscow 14 Jul 1704)

7a) Ekaterina (Moscow Nov 1658-May 1718)

8a) Maria (Moscow 18/28 Jan
1660-St.Petersburg 9/20 Mar 1723)

File:Tsar Fydor III -cropped.JPG

9a) FEODOR III, Tsar and Autocrat of all the Russias
(Moscow 9 Jun 1661-Moscow 7 May 1682); m.1st Moscow
28 Jul 1680 Agafia Semenovna Gruchetzkaya (d.Moscow
24 Jul 1681); m.2d Moscow 24 Feb 1682 Marfa Matveievna
Apraxina (Moscow 1664-St.Petersburg 11 Jan 1716)

1b) Ilya (Moscow 21 Jul 1681-Moscow 24 Jul 1681)
10a) Feodosia (7 Jun 1662-14/25 Dec 1713)

11a) Semen, b.Apr 1665; most sources state that he
died young (29 Jun 1669), but Europäische Stammtafeln
(Schwennicke) Band II, Tafel 151 shows his death date
as 14 Dec 1713, which cannot be correct

File:IvanV.jpg

12a) IVAN V, Tsar and Autocrat of all the Russias,
jointly with his brother Peter I 1682 (Moscow 6 Sep
1666-Moscow 8 Feb 1696); m.Moscow 19 Jan 1684
Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova (21 Oct 1664-24 Oct 1723)

1b) Maria (Moscow 31 Mar 1689-23 Feb 1692)

2b) Feodosia (Moscow 14
Jun 1690-Moscow 22 May 1691)

3b) Catherine (Ekaterina) (Moscow 29 Oct 1691-St.Petersburg
25 Jun 1733); m.Danzig 19 Apr 1716 Karl Leopold, Duke of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Grabow 26 Nov 1678-Dömitz 28 Nov 1747)

1c) Elisabeth Katharina Christina, known as Anna Karlovna/Anna
Leopoldovna, Regent of Russia for her son 1740-1741 (Rostock 18
Dec 1718-Kholmoghori 19 Mar 1746); m.St.Petersburg 14 Jul 1739
Anton Ulrich, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 28 Aug 1714
-Kholmoghori 4 May 1774)

File:Ivan VI.jpg

1d) IVAN VI, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias 28 Oct
1740-7 Dec 1741 (St.Petersburg 23 Aug 1740-Schlüsselburg
16 Jul 1764)

2d) Catherine (St.Petersburg 26 Jul
1741-Horsens, Denmark 7 Apr 1807)

3d) Elisabeth (Elisaveta) (Kholmoghori
16 Sep 1743-Horsens 20 Oct 1782)

4d) Peter (Kholmoghori 30 Mar
1745-Horsens 30 Jan 1798)

5d) Alexei (Kholmoghori 10 Mar
1746-Horsens 23 Oct 1787)

4b) ANNA, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias 30 Jan 1730,
Duchess of Courland 1711-1730 (Moscow 28 Jan/7 Feb 1693-Winter
Palace 28 Oct 1740); m.St.Petersburg 11 Nov 1710 Friedrich
Wilhelm, Duke of Courland (19 Jul 1692-Kippinghof 21 Jan 1711)

5b) Praskovia (Moscow 14 Oct 1694-19 Oct 1731); m.
after 1723 Ivan Dimitriev-Mamonov (1681-4 Jun 1730)

File:Peter der-Grosse 1838.jpg

13a) PETER I, Tsar and Autocrat of all the Russias, jointly with
his brother Ivan 7 May 1682 until Ivan's death, then sole Emperor
and Autocrat of all the Russias (Moscow 9 Jun 1672-St.Petersburg
8 Feb 1725); m.1st Moscow 6 Feb 1689 (div 1698) Evdokia Ilarionovna
Lopukhina (10 Jul 1670-Moscow 7 Sep 1731); m.2d, allegedly, 8 Nov
1707, and publicly in St.Petersburg 19 Feb 1712 Martha Samuilovna
Skavronskaya, who took the name Catherine on her Orthodox baptism
and who succeeded him as Empress CATHERINE I on his death (Rengen,
Estonia 5/15 Apr 1685-St.Petersburg 17 May 1727)

File:Tannauer Aleksei.jpg File:Charlotte Christine Braunschweig Wolfenbuettel.jpg

1b) Alexei (Moscow 28 Feb 1690-k.at St.Petersburg 7 Jul 1718); m.Torgau,
Saxony 25 Oct 1711 Charlotte, Dss of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
(Braunschweig 29 Aug 1694-St.Petersburg 2 Nov 1715)

1c) Natalia (St.Petersburg 3 Aug 1714-Moscow 3 Dec 1728)

File:Anna petweird.jpeg

2d) Anna (St.Petersburg 20 Dec 1757-Peterhof 19 Mar 1759)

File:Elizabeth empress.jpg

7b) ELISABETH, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias 7 Dec 1741
(Kolomenskoe 29 Dec 1709- St.Petersburg 5 Jan 1762); she is alleged
by some to have m.ca 1742 Ct Alexei Razumovsky (Lemeshi,
Ukraine 17 Mar 1709-St.Petersburg 17 Jul 1771)

8b) Natalia (20 Mar 1713-27 May 1715)

9b) Margarita (19 Sep 1714-7 Jun 1715)

10b) Peter 15 Nov 1715-19 Apr 1719)

11b) Paul (Wesel 13 Jan 1717-Wesel 14 Jan 1717)

13a) Natalia (31 Aug 1718-15 Mar 1725)

13b) Peter, d.7 Oct 1723

14a) Feodora (Moscow 1673-Moscow 1677)

15a) Natalia (1674-28 Jun 1716)

2c) PETER II, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russia
17 May 1727 (St.Petersburg 23 Oct 1715-Moscow 30 Jan 1730)

2b) Alexander (Moscow 23 Oct 1691-Moscow 24 May 1692)

3b) Paul, b.and d.1693

4b) Paul, b.1704, d.by 1707

5b) Peter, b.Sep 1705, d.by 1707

6b) Anna (Moscow 7 Feb 1708-Kiel 15 May 1728); m.St.Petersburg
1 Jun 1725 Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (30 Apr
1700-18 Jun 1739; see Oldenburg)

File:Johann-Baptist Lampi d. Ä. 007.jpg

1c) Karl Peter Ulrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp; succeeded as PETER III,
Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias 5 Jan 1762, until he was forced
to abdicate by his wife 5 Jul 1762; b.Kiel 21 Feb 1728, murdered at
Ropsha 17 Jul 1762; m.St.Petersburg 1 Sep 1745 Sophie Auguste Friederike
Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst, who succeeded as CATHERINE II, Empress and Autocrat
of all the Russias 9 Jul 1762 (Stettin 2 May 1729-St.Petersburg 17 Nov 1796)

1d) PAUL, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias (Summer Palace 1 Oct 1754-
murdered at Summer Palace 24 Mar 1801); m.1st St.Petersburg 10 Oct 1773
Wilhelmine (who took the name Natalia Alexeivna), Landgravine of Hesse-
Darmstadt (Prenzlau 25 Jun 1755-St.Petersburg 26 Apr 1776); m.2d St.
Petersburg 7 Oct 1776 Sophie (who took the name Maria Feodorovna),
Dss of Württemberg (Stettin 25 Oct 1759-St.Petersburg [some sources
say Pavlovsk] 5 Nov 1828)

1e) ALEXANDER I, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias (St.Petersburg
23 Dec 1777-Taganrog 1 Dec 1825); m.St.Petersburg 9 Oct 1793 Luise Pss
of Baden, who took the name Elisabeth Alexeievna (Karlsruhe 24 Jan 1779
-Bjelev 16 May 1826)

1f) Maria (St.Petersburg 29 May 1799-St.Petersburg 8 Jul 1800)

2f) Elisabeth (St.Petersburg 15 Nov 1806-St.Petersburg 12 May 1808)

File:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia.JPG

2e) Constantine, renounced his succession rights 26 Jan 1822, which
renunciation became official 28 Aug 1823 (Tsarskoie-Selo 8 May 1779-
Vitebsk 27 Jun 1831); m.1st St.Petersburg 26 Feb 1796 (div 1820) Juliane
Pss of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who took the name Anna Feodorovna on her
Orthodox baptism (Coburg 23 Sep 1781-Elfenau 15 Aug 1860); m.2d Warsaw 24
May 1820 Css Joanna Grudzinscy, cr Pss Lowicka (Serene Highness)1820 (d.
Tsarskoie-Selo 29 Nov 1831; NOTE: l'Allemagne Dynastique does not show a
birth date for Pss Lowicka, but shows that sources give four different
possibilities: Warsaw 21 Sep 1799, Poznan 29 Sep 1799, 29 Nov 1791 and
29 Sep 1795)

3e) Alexandra (St.Petersburg 9 Aug 1783-Vienna 16 Mar 1801); m.St.Petersburg
30 Oct 1799 Joseph, Archduke of Austria (Florence 9 Mar 1776-Ofen 13 Jan 1847)

4e) Elena (St.Petersburg 24 Dec 1784-Ludwigslust 24 Sep 1803); m.Gatchina 23
Oct 1799 Friedrich Ludwig, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(Ludwigslust 13 Jun 1778-Ludwigslust 29 Nov 1819)

5e) Maria (St.Petersburg 16 Feb 1786-Belvedere, nr Weimar 23 Jun 1859); m.St.
Petersburg 3 Aug 1804 Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar (Weimar 2
Feb 1783-Belvedere 8 Jul 1853)

6e) Catherine (St.Petersburg 21 May 1788-Stuttgart 9 Jan 1819); m.1st Peterhof
3 Aug 1809 Georg, Duke of Oldenburg (9 May 1784-Twer 27 Dec 1812); m.2d St.
Petersburg 24 Jan 1816 King Wilhelm I of Württemberg (Lüben 27 Sep 1781-Schloß
Rosenstein 25 Jun 1864)

7e) Olga (St.Petersburg 22 Jul 1792-St.Petersburg 26 Jan 1795)

8e) Anna (St.Petersburg 18 Jan 1795-The Hague 1 Mar 1865); m.St.Petersburg 21 Feb
1816 King Willem II of the Netherlands (The Hague 6 Dec 1792-Tilburg 17 Mar 1849)

9e) NICHOLAS I, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias (Tsarskoie Selo 6 Jul 1796
- St.Petersburg 2 Mar 1855); m.St.Petersburg 13 Jul 1817 Charlotte (who took the
name Alexandra Feodorovna) Pss of Prussia (Charlottenburg 13 Jul 1798-Tsarskoie
Selo 1 Nov 1860)

File:Tsar Alexander II -6.jpg

1f) ALEXANDER II, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias (Moscow 29 Apr 1818-
assassinated at St.Petersburg 13 Mar 1881); m.1st St.Petersburg 28 Apr 1841
Marie Pss of Hesse and the Rhine (Darmstadt 8 Aug 1824-St.Petersburg 3 Jun 1880)
; m.2d Tsarskoie Selo 18 Jul 1880 Pss Catherine Dolgoruky, cr Pss Yurievska
(Serene Highness) 17 Dec 1880 (Moscow 14 Nov 1847-Nice 15 Feb 1922); his issue
by this second marriage was legitimated after the marriage, though born before

1g) Alexandra (St.Petersburg 30 Aug 1842-St.Petersburg 10 Jul 1849)

2g) Nicholas, Tsarevich (Tsarskoie Selo 20 Sep 1843-Nice 24 Apr 1865)

3g) ALEXANDER III, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias (St.Petersburg 10 Mar
1845-Livadia 1 Nov 1894); m.St.Petersburg 9 Nov 1866 Dagmar (who took the name
Maria Feodorovna) Pss of Denmark (Copenhagen 26 Nov 1847-Hvidore 13 Oct 1928)

File:Nicolas II photographie couleur.jpg

1h) NICHOLAS II , Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, abdicated for himself
and his son 15 Mar 1917 (St.Petersburg 6 May 1868-murdered at Ekaterinburg 17
Jul 1918); m.St.Petersburg 26 Nov 1894 Alix (who took the name Alexandra
Feodorovna) Pss of Hesse and the Rhine (Darmstadt 6 Jun 1872-murdered at
Ekaterinburg 17 Jul 1918) * May God be with the Holy Tsar and Tsarina Always*

File:Olgachair.jpg

1i) Olga (born at Tsarskoie-Selo 15 Nov 1895-
murdered at Ekaterinburg 17 Jul 1918)

2i) Tatiana ( born at Peterhof 10 Jun 1897-
murdered at Ekaterinburg 17 Jul 1918)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/GrandDuchessMaria1914formal.jpg

3i) Maria, (born at Peterhof 26 Jun 1899-
murdered at Ekaterinburg 17 Jul 1918)

4i) Anastasia (born at Peterhof 18 Jun 1901-
murdered at Ekaterinburg 17 Jul 1918)

[Alexis.png]

5i) Alexis, Tsarevich (born at Peterhof 12 Aug
1904-murdered at Ekaterinburg 17 Jul 1918)

2h) Alexander (St.Petersburg 7 Jun
1869-St.Petersburg 2 May 1870)

File:Georges2russia.jpg

3h) George (Tsarskoie-Selo 6 May 1871
-Abbas-Touman, Caucasus 9 Aug 1899)

4h) Xenia (St.Petersburg 6 Apr 1875-Wilderness House, Hampton Court
20 Apr 1960); m.St.Petersburg 6 Aug 1894 Alexander, Grand Duke of
Russia (13 Apr 1866-26 Feb 1933; below)

File:Mihail II.jpg File:Brasova.jpg

5h) MICHAEL, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias briefly after
his brother's abdication 28 Mar 1917; on 29 Mar 1917 he signed a
manifesto declaring that he would not assume the position of Emperor
until and unless a representative body should decide on the continuation
of the monarchy (St.Petersburg 22 Nov 1878-executed near Perm 13 Jul
1918); m.(morganatically) Vienna 16/29 Oct 1912 Natalia Cheremetevskya,
cr Pss Romanovskaya-Brassova (Serene Highness) 1928 (Moscow 27 Jun
1880-Paris 26 Feb 1952)

1i) Ct George Brassov (Moscow, or Udinka, nr Moscow
24 Jul 1910-in car wreck at Auxerre 22 Jul 1931)

File:Peter Friedrich Georg von Holstein-Gottorp.jpg

6h) Olga (Peterhof 13 Jun 1882-Toronto 24 Nov 1960); m.1st Gatschina 9
Aug 1901 (div 1916) Peter, Duke of Oldenburg (St.Petersburg 21 Nov 1868
-Biarritz 11 Mar 1924); m.2d Kiev 1 Nov 1916 Nikolai Kulikovsky
(Evstratovka, Ukraine 11 Nov 1882-Cooksville, Ontario 11 Aug 1958)

1i) Tikhon Kulikovsky (Ai-Todor 25 Aug 1917-Toronto 9 Apr 1993); m.1st
Copenhagen 1942 (div 1955) Agnete Petersen (b.Ballerup 17 May 1920); m.
2d Toronto 21 Sep 1959 Livia Sebesteyn (Budapest 7 Dec 1925-Mississauga
11 Jul 1982); m.3d Toronto 8 Jun 1986 Olga Pupynin Burton (b.Valievo,
Yugoslavia 20 Sep 1926)

1j) Olga Kulikovsky, b.Toronto 9 Jul 1964;
m.Hamilton, Ontario 1994 José Cordeiro

1k) Peter James Cordeiro, b.Ontario Dec 1994

2k) John Alexander Cordeiro, b.1996

3k) Michael Andrew Cordeiro, b.1999

4k) Victor Cordeiro, b.2001

2i) Gouri Kulikovsky (Novo-Minskaya 23 Apr 1919-Brockville, Ontario
11 Sep 1984); m.Copenhagen 5 Oct 1940 (div 1956) Ruth Schwartz
(b.Copenhagen 6 Feb 1921); m.2d Helene Gagarine (b.1 Aug 1924)

1j) Xenia Kulikovsky, b.Ballerup 29 Jun 1941; m.1st Toronto 6 Nov 1961
(div 1967) Ralph Jones (b.28 Dec 1939); m.2d Copenhagen 7 Jul 1967
(div 1973) Finn Larsen (b.Copenhagen 14 Aug 1940); m.3d Greve, Denmark
26 Jun 1981 Aage Nielsen (b.Nykobing Mors, Denmark 2 May 1948)

1k) [by 1st husband, before marriage] Paul Edward Kulikovsky, b.Ottawa
17 Dec 1960; m.1st Copenhagen 2 Dec 1989 (div) Kirsten Hansen (b.Koege,
Denmark 24 Mar 1959); m.2nd Ludmila Antonova

1l) Maiken Kulikovsky Hansen, b.Copenhagen 17 Mar 1990

2l) Zandra Kulikovsky Hansen, b.Copenhagen 16 Nov 1991

2k) [by 2d husband Vivian Larsen, b.Copenhagen 29 Dec 1962; m.Ryslinge
21 Aug 1993 Bjarne Andersen (b.Kotagiri, India 20 Sep 1959);
she has two children:

1l) Mathias Larsen, b.Copenhagen 18 Jul 1988

2l) Anja Larsen, b.Copenhagen 18 Jul 1988

3l) Philip Andersen, b.1997 [1999, per Willis]

3k) [by 2d husband, apparently while married to the first] Peter Larsen,
b.Copenhagen 18 Dec 1966; m.Anita Christensen (b.Copenhagen 9 Jun 1965)

1l) Ditte Christensen, b.Glostrup 2 Jan 1992 4k)
Vibeke Nielsen, b.Roskilde 26 Nov 1981

2j) Leonid Kulikovsky, b.Ballerup 2 May 1943

3j) Alexander Kulikovsky, b.Toronto 29 Nov 1948

File:Vladimir1882cropped.jpg File:Mariemecklenburg1854.jpg

4g) Wladimir (St.Petersburg 22 Apr 1847-St.Petersburg 17 Feb 1909); m.
St.Petersburg 28 Aug 1874 Marie, Dss of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(Ludwigslust 14 May 1854-Contrexéville 6 Sep 1920)

1h) Alexander (Tsarskoie-Selo 31 Aug 1875-St.Petersburg 16 Mar 1877)

2h) KIRILL Vladimirovich, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias
and Head of the Imperial House and Family of Russia, from 1917.
(Tsarskoie-Selo 30 Sep 1876-Neuilly 13 Oct 1938); m.Tegernsee
8 Oct 1905 Victoria Melita Pss of Great Britain and Ireland, Pss
of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, etc (Malta 25 Nov 1876-Amorbach 2 Mar 1936)

File:MariaKirillovna.jpg

1i) Marie (Coburg 2 Feb 1907-Madrid 25 Oct 1951); m.Coburg 24 Feb
1925 Karl Fst zu Leiningen (Strassburg 13 Feb 1898- Saransk, Russia
2 Aug 1946); note: though she and her sister were not grandchildren
of an Emperor, they were generally accorded the title Grand Duchess
on the grounds that their father was head of the house

2i) Kira (Paris 9 May 1909-St.Briac-sur-Mer 8 Sep 1967); m.Doorn 4
May 1938 Louis Ferdinand Pr of Prussia (Marmorpalais 9 Nov 1907-
Bremen 25 Sep 1994)

3i) VLADIMIR Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia, de jure Emperor and
Autocrat of all the Russias and Head of the Imperial House and Family
of Russia from 1938. (Borga, Finland 30 Aug 1917-Miami 21 Apr 1992);
m.Lausanne 13 Aug 1948 Pss Leonida Bagration-Moukhransky
(b.Tiflis 23 Sep 1914); heir to his father,

1j) MARIA, Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia,
de jure Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias,
and Head of the Imperial House and Family of Russia
since 1992. (b.Madrid 23 Dec 1953); m.Madrid
22 Sep 1976 (div 1986) Franz Wilhelm Pr of Prussia
(b.Grünberg 3 Sep 1943); heir to her father,

1k) GEORGE, Mikailovich, Grand Duke of Russia,
de jure Tsarevich of Russia, heir of his mother,
George is also a Prince of Prussia,
(b.Madrid 13 Mar 1981).

File:Grand Duke Boris of Russia 07517.jpg

3h) Boris (St.Petersburg 24 Nov 1877-Paris 9 Nov 1943); m.Genoa 12

Jul 1919 Zinaida Rachevskya (Dvinsk 3 Nov 1898-Paris 30 Jan 1963)

File:Camargo-Mathilde Kschessinskaya-1897.JPG

4h) Andrei (Tsarskoie-Selo 14 May 1879-Paris 30 Oct 1956); m.Cannes

30 Jan 1921 Marie-Mathilde Kchessinska, cr Pss Romanovskya- Krassinskya

(Ligovo 31 Aug 1872-Paris 8 Dec 1971)

1i) Pr Vladimir Romanovsky-Krasinsky (St.Petersburg 30 Jun 1902-Paris 23
Apr 1974); Mathilde Kchessinska had been involved with the future Emperor
Nicholas II, and then with Grand Duke Serge Mikhailovich, before settling
with Andrei; it is said that Prince Vladimir was wont to say that he was
never sure whether Andrei or Serge was his biological father; however,
Andrei recognized Vladimir as his son after the revolution

File:Nicolaos of greece 2.jpg

5h) Elena (Tsarskoie-Selo 29 Jan 1882-Athens 13 Mar 1957);
m.Tsarskoie Selo 29 Aug 1902 Nicholas Pr of Greece and
Denmark (Athens 22 Jan 1872-Athens 8 Feb 1938)

5g) Alexei (St.Petersburg 14 Jan 1850-Paris 14 Nov 1908); he is said to have
m.(morganatically) in Italy 1870 Alexandra Zhukovskya (Düsseldorf 11 Nov 1842
-Wendischbora 1899) though it is not entirely clear whether this marriage
actually occurred

1h) Ct Alexei Belevsky-Zhukovsky (Salzburg 26 Nov 1871, k.by Soviets in the
Caucasus 1930/2); m.1st Ilyinskoye 29 Aug1894 (div) Pss Maria Troubetskoya
(Elezavetino 18 Jun 1872-Paris 20 Mar 1954); m.2d Bss Nathalie Schöpping

1i) Css Elisabeth Belevsky-Zhukovsky (Moscow 8 Sep 1896-Princeton, NJ 30 Jul
1975); m.1st Moscow Jan 1917 Peter Perevostchikov (Moscow 8 Mar 1872-Florence
28 Jun 1937); m.2d Jul 1939 Arthur Lourie (St.Petersburg 14 May
1892-Princeton NJ 13 Nov 1966)

1j) Maria Perevostchikova (Odessa 27 Dec 1917-Grasse 1 Aug 1990); m.
Paris May 1944 (div 1960) Lucien Teissier (b.Marseille 22 Aug 1908)

1k) Alexis Teissier, b.Paris 27 Aug 1946; m.
Los Angeles 1972 (div 1980) Allana Chesebro

2k) Marie Beatrice Teissier,
b.Paris 10 Mar 1950 [1951?]

2j) Dimitri Perevostchikov (Rapallo, Italy 25 Jun 1921-Paris
23 Aug 1960); m.Paris 1944 (div 1947) Marina Ourousova

2i) Css Alexandra Belevskya-Zhukovskya (b.Moscow 4 Mar 1899); m.1st Berlin
9 Sep 1925 (div 1950) Henry de Lepp (Alexandrovsk 1896-Dordogne, France May
1955); m.2d New York City 20 Nov 1956 George Flevitzky (St.Petersburg
1904-New York City 11 May 1960)

3i) Css Maria Belevskya-Zhukovskya (Moscow 26 Oct 1901-Cormeilles-en- Parisis
18 Aug 1996); m.1st Berlin 17 Sep 1922 Vladimir Sverbeev (Yalta 11 Nov 1890-
Paris 3 Jan 1951); m.2d New York City 28 Oct 1959 Vladimir Ianouchevsky
(St.Petersburg 9 Jun 1897-Paris 13 Feb 1970)

1j) Elizabeth Sverbeeva, b.Berlin 28 Aug 1923; m.1st New York City 9 Nov 1947
(div 1953) Alexander Tarsaidze (Tiflis 22 Jun 1901-New York 18 Mar 1978);
m.2d New York City 9 May 1965 Charles Byron-Patrikiades
(b.Constantinople 15 Dec 1919)

4i) Ct Sergei Belevsky-Zhukovsky (Moscow 17 Feb 1903 [18 Feb 1904?]-Los Angeles
27 Nov 1956); m.Paris Jan 1926 Nina Botkina (Bern 19 May 1901- Lausanne 16 Oct 1966)

1j) Css Elena Belevsky-Zhukovsky (b.Paris 31 Aug 1929);
m.1st Paris 17 Nov 1949 (div 1956) Nikolai Mojaisky
(b.Paris 17 Jun 1928); m.2d Paris 16 Jul 1956 Ct
Kirill Nieroth (b.Paris 14 Apr 1930)

1k) Alexis Mojaisky Nieroth [adopted by stepfather in 1975],
b.Paris 20 Dec 1951; m.Sea Cliff NY 31 May 1975
Pamela Waldbauer (b.in USA 17 Mar 1953)

1l) Catherine Nieroth,
b.in Connecticut 27 Feb 1983

2l) Christopher Nieroth,
b.in Connecticut 23 Aug 1989

2k) Ct Peter Nieroth (Neuilly-sur
-Seine 17 Jun 1957-Paris 26 May 2002)

3k) Css Elizabeth Nieroth,
b.Houston, Texas 2 Feb 1966

File:Maria Alexandrovna of Russia.jpg File:Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.png

6g) Marie (Tsarskoie-Selo 17 Oct 1853-Zürich 24 Oct 1920);
m.St.Petersburg 23 Jan 1874 Alfred Pr of Great Britain
and Ireland, Duke of Saxe-Coburg- Gotha, etc
(Windsor 6 Aug 1844-Rosenau 30 Jul 1900)

File:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia.png

7g) Sergei (Tsarskoie-Selo 10 May 1857-assassinated Moscow 17 Feb 1905);
m.St.Petersburg 15 Jun 1884 Elisabeth Pss of Hesse and the Rhine
(Bessungen 1 Nov 1864-murdered at Alapaievsk 17/18 Jul 1918)

File:Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark (August 30, 1870-September 24, 1891).jpg

8g) Paul (Tsarskoie-Selo 11 Oct 1860-executed at Fortress of SS. Peter and
Paul 30 Jan 1919); m.1st St.Petersburg 17 Jun 1889 Alexandra Pss of Greece
and Denmark (Corfu 30 Aug 1870-Ilinskoie 24 Sep 1891); m.2d Livorno, Italy
10 Oct 1902 Olga Karnovitch, cr Gfn von Hohenfelsen 1904, and Pss Paley
(Serene Highness) 28 Aug 1915 (St.Petersburg 2 Dec 1866-Paris 2 Nov 1929)

File:WilhelmSwedenNorway.jpg

1h) Marie (St.Petersburg 18 Apr 1890-Schloß Mainau 13 Dec 1958); m.1st
Tsarskoie Selo 3 May 1908 (div 1914) William Pr of Sweden (Tullgarn 17
Jun 1884-Stenhammer 5 Jun 1965); m.2d Pavlovsk 19 Sep 1917 (div 1924)
Pr Sergei Poutiatine (St.Petersburg 7 Dec 1893- Charleston,
South Carolina 26 Feb 1966)

1i) Pr Roman Poutiatine (St.Petersburg
17 Jul 1918-Bucharest May 1919)

File:Dmitri pavlovich2.jpg

2h) Dimitri (Ilynskoye 18 Sep 1891-Davos 5 Mar 1942);
m.Biarritz 21 Nov 1926 (div 1937) Audrey Emery (New York
City 4/5 Jul 1904-West Palm Beach, Florida 25 Nov 1971)

1i) Pr Paul Romanovsky-Ilyinsky; on the death of Vladimir Kirillovich
he is said to have succeeded as de jure Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
(London 27 Jan 1928-Palm Beach 10 Feb 2004); m.1st Honolulu 29 Jul
1949 (annulled 1951) Mary Evelyn Prince (Memphis, Tennessee Apr 1925)
; m.2d Palm Beach, Florida 1 Oct 1952 Angelica Philippa Kauffmann
(b.Paris 21 Jun 1932 [or, 23 Mar 1932])

1j) Pr Dimitri Romanovsky-Ilyinsky, apparently de jure Duke of Holstein
-Gottorp (b.Palm Beach 1 May 1954); m.New Haven, Connecticut 22 Sep
1979 Martha McDowell (b.New Haven, Connecticut 15 Jun 1952)

1k) Pss Catherine Adair Romanovsky-Ilyinsky
(b.Cincinnati, Ohio 4 Aug 1981)

2k) Pss Victoria Bayard Romanovsky-Ilyinsky
(b.Cincinnati, Ohio 23 Nov 1984)

3k) Pss Lela McDowell Romanovsky-Ilyinsky
(b.Cincinnati, Ohio 26 Aug 1986)

2j) Pss Paula Maria Romanovsky-Ilyinsky
(b.Palm Beach, Florida 18 May 1956);
m.Cincinnati, Ohio 31 May 1980 Mark Comisar
(b.Cincinnati, Ohio 17 Jun 1953)

1k) Alexander Lee Comisar,
b.Cincinnati 6 Apr 1983

2k) Makena Anna Comisar (Cincinnati 20 Nov 1984
-k.in car accident in Clermont County, Ohio 1 Aug 2002)

3j) Pss Anna Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b.Palm Beach 4 Sep 1959
[10 Jan 1958?]); m.1st Henniker, New Hampshire 9 May 1980
(div 1990) Robin de Young (b.Cambridge, Massachusetts 25
Dec 1952) ; m.2d Cincinnati, Ohio 18 Dec 1992
David Wise Glossinger (b.Dayton, Ohio 11 Jul 1953)

1k) Audrey Emery de Young, b.Cincinnati 1 Apr 1983

2k) Heather Morrison de Young, b.Cincinnati 25 Oct 1985

3k) Sophia Wise Glossinger, b.Cincinnati 5 May 1993

4k) Paul Glossinger, b.Cincinnati 19 Sep 1995

4j) Pr Michael Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b.Palm Beach 4 Jan 1961
); m.1st Cincinnati 7 Nov 1989 (div 1996) Paula Maier (b.
Cincinnati 1 Sep 1965); m.2d 21 May 1999 (div 2001) Lisa
Marie Schiesler (b.17 May 1973); Note: Daniel Willis has
confirmed that the reported first marriage to
Maria Lowe never occurred

1k) Pss Alexis Taylor Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b.1 Mar 1994)

3h) Pr Vladimir Paley (Paris 9 Jan 1897
-executed Alapaevsk 17/18 Jul 1918)

4h) Pss Irina Paley (Paris 21 Dec 1903-Biarritz 15 Nov 1990);
m.1st Paris 4 Jun 1923 (div 1936) Feodor Pr of Russia (below)
; m.2d Biarritz 11 Apr 1950 Cte Hubert de Monbrison (St.Avertin,
France 15 Aug 1892-château de St-Roch 14 Apr 1981)

5h) Pss Natalia Paley (Paris 5 Dec 1905-New York 27 Dec 1981);
m.1st Paris 10 Aug 1927 (div 1937) Lucien Lelong (Paris 11 Oct
1889-Anglet, Basses Pyrenees 11 May 1958); m.2d Southport,
Fairfield, Connecticut 8 Sep 1937 John Chapman Wilson (Trenton,
New Jersey 19 Aug 1899-New York City 29 Oct 1961)

9g) Pr George Yurievsky (St.Petersburg 12 May 1872-Marburg 13 Sep
1913); m.Nice 11 Feb 1900 (div 1908) Alexandra Gfn von Zarnekau
(Kutais 22 May 1883-Paris 28 May 1957)

1h) Pr Alexander Yurievsky (Nice 20 Dec 1900-Männedorf, Switzerland
29 Feb 1988); m.Flims Waldhaus, Switzerland 23 Nov 1957 Ursule
Beer de Grüneck (Michaelsrombach 30 May 1925-Mar 2001)

1i) Pr George Yurievksy (b.St.Gall, Switzerland 8 Dec 1961);
m.Meilen, Switzerland 10 Oct 2003 (rel) Mainau 24 Oct 2003
Katharina Verhagen (b.Beerse, Belgium 26 Apr 1964)

10g) Pss Olga Yurievsky (St.Petersburg 8 Nov 1873-Wiesbaden 10
Aug 1925); m.Nice 12 May 1895 Georg Gf von Merenberg (Wiesbaden
13 Feb 1871-Wiesbaden 31 May 1948)

1h) Alexander Gf von Merenberg
(Hannover Sep 1896-Hannover 20 Dec 1897)

2h) Georg Gf von Merenberg (Hannover 16 Oct 1897-Mainz 11 Jan 1965)
; m.1st Budapest 7 Jan 1926 (div 1928) Paulette von Kover ; m.2d
Schroda 27 Jul 1940 Elisabeth Anne Müller Uri (Wiesbaden 1 Jul
1903-Wiesbaden 18 Nov 1963)

1i) Clothilde Elisabeth Gfn von Merenberg, b.Wiesbaden 14 May 1941;
m.there 25 May 1965 Enno von Rintelin (b.Berlin 9 Nov 1921)

1j) Alexander Enno von Rintelen
, b.Wiesbaden 23 Mar 1966

2j) Nikolaus von Rintelen.
b.Wiesbaden 29 Jun 1970

3j) Gregor von Rintelen,
b.Wiesbaden 13 Aug 1972

3h) Olga Gfn von Merenberg (Wiesbaden 3 Oct 1898-Bottmingen bei Basel
15 Sep 1983; m.Wiesbaden 14 Nov 1923 Count Michael Loris-Melikov
(Tsarskoie Selo 16 Jun 1900-Bottmingen 2 Oct 1980)

1i) Count Alexander Loris-Melikov, b.Paris 26 May 1926; m.Soignies,
Belgium 27 Sep 1958 Micheline Prunier (b.Liège 21 Jun 1932)

1j) Css Ann Elisabeth Loris-Melikov, b.Basel 23 Jul 1959;
m.Therwil, Switzerland 4 Nov 1983 Marc Moos (b.5 Feb 1953)

1k) Alain Moos, b.Bâle, Switzerland, b.26 Mar 1984 2j)
Css Dominique Loris-Melikov, b.Basel 24 Mar 1961

3j) Css Nathalie Loris-Melikov, b.Basel 28 Dec 1963; m.Küssnacht,
Switzerland 9 Oct 1996 Johan Dierbach (b.Stockholm 12 Jan 1963)

1k) Sophie Dierbach, b.Zürich 23 Feb 1997

4j) Ct Michael Loris-Melikov, b.Basel 18 Dec 1964

11g) Boris (23 Feb 1876-11 Apr 1876),
posthumously legitimated

12g) Pss Catherine Yurievska (St.Petersburg 9 Sep 1878-North
Hayling, England 22 Dec 1959); m.1st Biarritz 18 Oct 1901 Pr
Alexander Bariatinsky (22 May 1870-Florence 6 Mar 1910); m.
2d Yalta 9 Oct 1916 (div 1924) Pr Serge Obolensky (Tsarskoie
-Selo 20 Sep 1890-Grosse Pointe, Michigan 29 Sep 1978)

2f) Maria (Pavlovsk 18 Aug 1819-St.Petersburg 21 Feb 1876); m.
1st St.Petersburg 14 Jul 1839 Maximilian de Beauharnais, Duke
von Leuchtenberg (Munich 2 Oct 1817-St.Petersburg 1 Nov 1852)
; m.2d St.Petersburg 16 Nov 1856 Ct Grigori Strogonov
(18 Jun 1824-13 Mar 1879)

3f) Olga (St.Petersburg 11 Sep 1822-Friedrichshafen 30 Oct 1892);
m.Peterhof 13 Jul 1846 King Karl I of Württemberg (Stuttgart 6
Mar 1823-Stuttgart 6 Oct 1891)

4f) Alexandra (St.Petersburg 24 Jun 1825-Tsarskoie-Selo 10 Aug 1844)
; m.St.Petersburg 28 Jan 1844 Friedrich Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse
-Kassel (Kassel 26 Nov 1820-Frankfurt 14 Oct 1884)

5f) Constantine (St.Petersburg 21 Sep 1827-Pavlovsk 29 Jan 1892);
m.St.Petersburg 11 Sep 1848 Alexandra Pss of Saxe-Altenburg
(Altenburg 8 Jul 1830-St.Petersburg 6 Jul 1911)

1g) Nicholas (St.Petersburg 14 Feb 1850-Tashkent 14 Jan 1918);
m.Orenburg, Russia 1882 Nadezhda Drier [Dreyer] (1861-1929)

1h) Pr Artemy Iskander (Tashkent 1883-k.in Russian Civil War 1919)

2h) Pr Alexander Iskander (Tashkent 15 Nov 1889-Grasse 26 Jan 1957);
m.1st 5 May 1912 (div) Olga Rogovskya (b.1893, disappeared in USSR)
; m.2d Paris 11 Oct 1930 Natalia Khanykova
(St.Petersburg 30 Dec 1893-Nice 20 Apr 1982)

1i) Pr Cyril Iskander (Tashkent 5 Dec 1914-Moscow 1992)

2i) Pss Natalia Iskander (Tashkent 21
Jan 1917-Moscow 24 Jul 1999); m.Nikolai Dostal

2g) Olga (Pavlovsk 3 Sep 1851-Pau 18
Jun 1926); m.St.Petersburg 27 Oct 1867
King George I of the Hellenes (Copenhagen
24 Dec 1845-Salonika 18 Mar 1913)

3g) Vera (St.Petersburg 16 Feb 1854-Stuttgart 11 Apr 1912);
m.Stuttgart 8 May 1874 Eugen, Duke of Württemberg
(Bückeburg 20 Aug 1846-Düsseldorf 27 Jan 1877)

4g) Constantine (Strelna 22 Aug 1858-Pavlovsk 15 Jun 1915);
m.St.Petersburg 27 Apr 1884 Elisabeth Pss of Saxe-Altenburg
(Meiningen 25 Jan 1865-Leipzig 24 Mar 1927)

1h) Ivan (Pavlovsk 5 Jul 1886-executed at Alapaevsk 17/18
Jul 1918); m.Peterhof 3 Sep 1911 Helena Pss of Serbia
(Rijeka, Serbia 4 Nov 1884-Nice 16 Oct 1962)

1i) Vsevelod (Marble Palace, St.Petersburg 20 Jan 1914-London
18 Jun 1973); m.1st London 31 May 1939 (div 1956) Lady Mary Lygon
(Madresfield Court 12 Feb 1910-Faringdon 27 Sep 1982); m.2d London
28 Mar 1956 (div 1961) Emilia de Gosztonyi (Budapest 19 Apr 1914-
Monte Carlo 9 Jul 1993); m.3d London 8 Jun 1961 Valli Knust
(b.London 4 Apr 1930)

2i) Catherine (b.Pavlovsk 25 Jul 1915); m.Rome 15 Sep 1937
(separated 1945) Ruggero, Marchese Farace di Villaforesta
(London 4 Aug 1909-Rome 14 Sep 1970)

1j) Nicoletta Farace, b.Rome 23 Jul 1938; m.Montevideo 25 Mar 1966
Alberto Grundland (Montevideo 12 Jul 1931-Montevideo 27 Dec 1984)

1k) Eduardo Alberto Grundland, b.Montevideo 15 Jan 1967

2k) Alexandra Gabriella Grundland, b.Montevideo 17 Sep 1971

2j) Fiametta Farace, b.Budapest 19 Feb 1940; m.1st New York City 16
Sep 1969 (div 1980) Victor Arcelus (b.Montevideo 20 Feb 1935); m.2d
New York 1981 Nelson Zanelli (b.Uruguay 9 Mar 1947)

1k) Victor John Arcelus, b.New York 24 Nov 1973; m.Rooke Chapel,
Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17 Jul 1996 Julie Renner

2k) Sebastian Arcelus, b.New York 5 Nov 1976

3k) Alessandro Zanelli, b.Manhasset, New York 31 Jul 1984

3j) Marchese Giovanni Farace, b.Rome 20 Oct 1943; m.Montevideo
14 Feb 1968 Marie Claude Tillier Debesse (b.Paris 24 Apr 1944)

1k) Alessandro Farace, b.Paris 29 Aug 1971

2k) Yann Farace, b.Versaille 4 Oct 1974

2h) Gabriel (Pavlovsk 15 Jul 1887-Paris 28 Feb 1955); m.1st St.Petersburg
9 Apr 1917 Antonia Nesterovskya (St.Petersburg 14 Mar 1890-Paris 7 Mar
1950); m.2d Paris 11 May 1951 Pss Irina Kurakina (Andreievskoye
22 Sep 1903-Chelles 17 Jan 1993)

3h) Tatiana (St.Petersburg 23 Jan 1890-Jerusalem 28 Aug 1979); m.1st Tiflis
24 Aug 1911 Pr Constantine Bagration-Moukhransky (Tiflis 2 Mar 1889-k.a.
Jaroslav, nr Lvov 19 May 1915); m.2d Geneva 9 Nov 1921 Alexander
Korochenzov (17 Aug 1877-Lausanne 6 Feb 1922)

4h) Constantine (St.Petersburg 1 Jan 1891-
executed at Alapaevsk 17/18 Jul 1918)

5h) Oleg (St.Petersburg 27 Nov 1892-d.Vitebsk
Hospital, Vilno, 12 Oct 1914 of wounds received in action)

6h) Igor (St.Petersburg 10 Jun 1894-
executed Alapaevsk 17/18 Jul 1918)

7h) George (St.Petersburg 6 May
1903-New York City 7 Nov 1938)

8h) Natalia (St.Petersburg 23
Mar 1905-St.Petersburg 23 May 1905)

9h) Vera (Pavlovsk 24 Apr 1906
-New York 11 Jan 2001)

5g) Dimitri (St.Petersburg 13 Jun 1860-executed at
Fortress of SS.Peter and Paul, St.Petersburg 30 Jan 1919)

6g) Viatcheslav (St.Petersburg 13
Jul 1862-St.Petersburg 27 Feb 1879)

6f) Nicholas (Tsarskoie-Selo 8 Aug 1831-Alupka, Crimea 25
Apr 1891); m.St.Petersburg 6 Feb 1856 Alexandra, Dss of
Oldenburg (St.Petersburg 2 Jun 1838-Kiev 25 Apr 1900)

1g) Nicholas (St.Petersburg 18 Nov 1856-Cap d'Antibes 5
Jan 1929); m.Yalta 29 Apr 1907 Anastasia Pss of Montenegro
(Cetinje 4 Jan 1868-Cap d'Antibes 25 Jan 1929)

2g) Peter (St.Petersburg 22 Jan 1864-Cap d'Antibes 17
Jun 1931); m.Peterhof 26 Jul 1889 Militza Pss of Montenegro
(Cetinje 26 Jul 1866-Alexandria, Egypt 5 Sep 1951)

1h) Marina (Nice 11 Mar 1892-Six-Fours-les-Plages 15 May
1981); m.Cap d'Antibes 4 Feb 1927 Pr Alexander Galitzine
(St.Petersburg 13 Oct 1885-La Bastide-Galitzine,
Toulon 24 Mar 1974)

2h) Roman (Peterhof 17 Oct 1896-Rome 23 Oct 1978); m.Cap
d'Antibes 16 Nov 1921 Css Prascovia Cheremeteva
(Poltava 18 Oct 1901-Rome 21 Dec 1980)

1i) Pr Nicholas Romanov (b.Cap d'Antibes 13 Sep 1922);
m.Florence 31 Dec 1951 (rel) Russian Cathedral, Cannes
21 Jan 1952 Css Sveva della Gherardesca
(b.Florence 15 Jul 1930)

1j) Pss Natalia Romanov (b.Rome 4 Dec 1952); m.San
Vincenzo 30 Apr 1973 Giuseppe Consolo (b.Naples 6 Sep 1948)

1k) Enzo-Manfredi Consolo (Rome 1 Jan 1976-suicide 1998)

2k) Nicoletta Consolo, b.Rome 14 May 1980; m.Rome
20 Mar 1999 Federico Scardamaglia (b.Rome 24 Mar 1974)

1l) Francesco Scardamaglia, b.Rome 30 Jul 1999

2l) Gabriele Scardamaglia, b.Rome 21 Nov 2000

2j) Pss Elizabeth Romanov (b.Rome 7 Aug 1956); m.Las Vegas
14 May 1982 Mauro Bonacini (b.Salsomaggiore Terme 13 May 1950)

1k) Niccolo Bonacini, b.Rome 4 Jan 1986

2k) Sofia Bonacini, b.Rome 21 Dec 1987

3j) Pss Tatiana Romanov (b.Rome 12 Apr 1961); m.1st San Vincenzo 2
Jul 1983 (div 1988) Giambattista Alessandri (b.Oslo 31 Dec 1958);
m.2d San Giovanni di Marignano 29 Aug 1998 Giancarlo Tirotti
(b.Rome 1 Nov 1947)

1k) Allegra Tirotti, b.Cattolica 2 Sep 1992

2i) Pr Dmitri Romanov (b.Cap d'Antibes 4 Mar 1926); m.1st Copenhagen
21 Jan 1959 Johanna von Kauffmann (Copenhagen 1 Jun 1936-Copenhagen
13 May 1989); m.2d Bogoyavlensky, Kostromo, Russia 28 Jul 1993
Dorrit Reventlow (b.Récife, Brazil 22 Apr 1942)

3h) Nadezhda (Dulber, Crimea 3 Mar 1898-Chantilly 21 Apr 1988);
m.Haraks, Crimea 10 Apr 1917 (div 1940) Pr Nicholas Orlov
(St.Petersburg 12 Mar 1896-New York City 30 May 1961)

1i) Pss Irina Orlov (Koreiz, Crimea 17 Mar 1918-Villacerf 16
Sep 1989); m.1st Rome 27 Apr 1940 (div 1946) Herbert Frhr
von Waldstätten (Vienna 1 Jan 1913-Vienna 24 Jul 1977);
m.2d The Hague 8 Jan 1960 Anthony Adama Zylstra (Izendijke,
The Netherlands 9 Jan 1902- Fontainebleau 29 Apr 1982)

1j) Elisabeth Frn von Waldstätten, b.Budapest 7 Feb 1944;
m.Rumsen, New Jersey 27 Jul 1970 Christopher Wynkoop
(b.Red Bank, New Jersey 7 Dec 1942)

1k) Mark Burson Wynkoop, b.Red Bank 21 Jul 1972;
m.27 Jun 1997 Angelique Tritaris (b.17 May 1972)

2k) Gregory Alexis Wynkoop, b.Red Bank 2 Dec 1975

2j) [by ?] Alexis Nicolas Orlov, b.10 Sep 1947; m.Paris
12 Jun 1974 Françoise Jeanne Mazocco (b.Paris 12 Jan 1950)

2i) Pss Xenia Orlov (Paris 27 Mar 1921-Ennordres, France 7 Aug 1963;
m.1st Avon, France 17 Apr 1943 (div 1951) Paul de Montaignac (b.Paris
5 Jan 1909); m.2d Paris 14 Mar 1951 Baron Jean Albert d'Almont
(Ivoy-le-Pre, France 27 Sep 1909-Tours 18 May 2003)

1j) Calixte Nicolas Auguste de Montaignac de Pessotte-Bressolles,
b.Boulogne-sur-Seine 24 Sep 1944; m.1st Paris 12 Mar 1972 (div)
Florentine Hunter (b.Charlotte, South Carolina 13 Jul 1942);
m.2d Pascale Remaudière

1k) [by Nicole Mouton] Julie de Montaignac, b.1986

2k) [by Nicole Mouton] Marie de Montaignac, b.1988

2j) Marie Isabell Nadejda d'Almont, b.St.Germain-en-Laye
20 Mar 1952; m.Ct Raphael Tarnowski (b.Sucha 9 Sep 1937)

4h) Sophia (b.and d.Dulber 3 Mar 1898)

7f) Michael (Peterhof 25 Oct 1832-Cannes 18 Dec 1909); m.St.
Petersburg 28 Aug 1857 Cecile (who took the name Olga Feodorovna)
Pss of Baden (Karlsruhe 20 Sep 1839-Kharkov 12 Apr 1891)

1g) Nicholas (Tsarskoie-Selo 26 Apr 1859-executed at
Fortress of SS. Peter and Paul 30 Jan 1919)

2g) Anastasia (Peterhof 28 Jul 1860-Eze, nr Nice 11 Mar 1922);
m.St.Petersburg 24 Jan 1879 Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of
Mecklenburg- Schwerin (Ludwigslust 19 Mar 1851-Cannes 10 Apr 1897)

3g) Michael (Peterhof 16 Oct 1861-London 26 Apr 1929); m.San Remo
26 Feb 1891 Sophie Gfn von Merenberg, cr Css von Torby 1891
(Geneva 1 Jun 1868-London 14 Sep 1927)

1h) Css Anastasia de Torby (Wiesbaden 9 Sep 1892-London 7 Dec 1977);
m.London 20 Jul 1917 Sir Harold Wernher, Bt (London 16 Jan 1893-
Luton Hoo 30 Jun 1973)

1i) George Michael Alexander Wernher (Edinburgh
22 Aug 1918-k.a.Beja, North Africa 4 Dec 1942)

2i) Georgina Wernher, b.Edinburgh 17 Oct 1919; m.1st London
10 Oct 1944 Harold Pedro Joseph Phillips (London 6 Nov 1909
-Alford, Aberdeenshire 27 Oct 1980); m.2d London Dec 1992
Sir George Arnold Ford Kennard, 3d Bt (Edinburgh 27 Apr
1915-London 13 Dec 1999)

1j) Alexandra Anastasia Phillips, b.Tuscon, Arizona 27 Feb
1946; m.Westminster Abbey 20 Oct 1966 James,
Duke of Abercorn (b.London 4 Jul 1934)

2j) Nicholas Harold Phillips (London 23 Aug 1947-d.of carbon
monoxode poisoning at his home at Luton Hoo 28 Feb 1991/1
Mar 1991); m.Salzburg 18 Oct 1975 Maria Luise Gfn Czernin
von und zu Chudenitz (b.Graz 16 May 1941)

1k) Charlotte Sonia Marie
Phillips, b.Paris 22 Dec 1976

2k) Edward Paul Nicholas
Phillips, b.London 2 Nov 1981

3j) Fiona Mercedes Phillips, b.London 30 Mar 1951;
m.London 7 Jul 1971 James Comyn Amherst Cecil
Burnett of Leys (b.Aberdeen 24 Jul 1941)

1k) Alexander James Amherst Burnett of Leys,
b.Aberdeen 30 Jul 1973; m.Lavinia Margaret Cox

1l) Amaryllis Susan Rohays
Burnett, b.24 Nov 2006

2k) Eliza Amelia Burnett
of Leys, b.Aberdeen 13 Jun 1977

3k) Victor Cecil Tobias
Burnett of Leys, b.Aberdeen 1 Oct 1982

4j) Marita Georgina Phillips, b.London 28 May 1954;
m.London 3 Nov 1982 Randall Crawley (b.London 14 Jul
1950, d.in air crash at Venaria, Italy 10 Sep 1988)

1k) Aidan Harold Winston
Crawley, b.London 22 Oct 1983

2k) Cosima Georgina
Crawley, b.London 31 May 1985

3k) Galen Randall
George Crawley, b.13 Nov 1988

5j) Natalia Ayesha Phillips, b.London 8 May 1959; m.Luton
7 Oct 1978 Gerald Grosvenor, Duke of Westminster
(b.Omagh, Ulster 22 Dec 1951)

3i) Myra Alice Wernher, b.Edinburgh 8 Mar 1925; m.5
Nov 1946 Sir David Henry Butter (b.London 18 Mar 1924)

1j) Sandra Elizabeth Zia Butter, b.London 26 Jul 1948;
m.London 16 Mar 1983 William David Morrison
(b.Philadelphia 19 Aug 1940)

1k) Charles Nicholas Morrison, b.London 12 Dec 1985

2k) Sophie Natasha Morrison, b.London 23 Oct 1987

2j) Maralyn Davina Butter, b.London 22 Mar 1950; m.
London 3 Oct 1973 James Hubert Ramsay, Earl of
Dalhousie (b.London 17 Jan 1948)

1k) Lady Lorna Theresa
Ramsay, b.London 6 Feb 1975

2k) Lady Alice Magdalene
Ramsay, b.London 10 Aug 1977

3k) Simon David Ramsay,
Lord Ramsey, b.London 18 Apr 1981

3j) Rohays Georgina Butter, b.London 9 Apr 1952;
m.Dunkeld Cathedral 9 May 1988 Pr Alexander
Galitzine (b.Marlow, Bucks 6 Sep 1945)

4j) Georgina Marguerite Butter, b.London 9 Jul
1956; m.Dunkeld 4 Dec 1982 Peter Gf von
Pejacsevich (b.London 12 Aug 1954)

1k) Alexander Geza Markus Gf von
Pejacsevich, b.London 15 Jul 1988

2k) Anastasia Lilia Sophie Gfn von
Pejacsevich, b.London 30 May 1992

5j) Charles Harold Alexander Butter, b.London 10 Apr 1960;
m.Dunkeld Cathedral 1 Sep 2006 Agnieszka Szeluk

2h) Css Nadejda de Torby (Cannes 28 Mar 1896-Cannes 22 Jan 1963);
m.London 15 Nov 1916 George, 2d Marquess of Milford Haven,
born Pr von Battenberg (Darmstadt 6 Nov 1892-London 8 Apr 1938)

3h) Ct Michael de Torby (Wiesbaden
8 Oct 1898-Roehampton 8 May 1959)

4g) George (Bielyi-Klioutch 23 Aug 1863-executed at Fortress of SS.
Peter and Paul 30 Jan 1919); m.Corfu 12 May 1900 Marie Pss of Greece
and Denmark (Athens 3 Mar 1876-Athens 14 Dec 1940)

1h) Nina (Mikhailovskoie, nr Peterhof 20 Jun 1901-Hyannis, Massachusetts
27 Feb 1974); m.London 3 Sep 1922 Pr Paul Chavchavadse (St.Petersburg
27 Jun 1899-Hyannis 12 Jul 1971)

1i) Pr David Chavchavadse, b.London 20 May 1924; m.1st Washington 13
Sep 1952 (div 1959) Helen Husted (b.New York City 1 Feb 1933); m.2d
Cincinnati 28 Dec 1959 (div 1970) Judith Clippinger (Cincinnati 25
Mar 1929-Great Falls 21 Oct 1997); m.3d Washington,
D.C. 1979 Eugenie de Smitt (b.New York 12 Jul 1939)

1j) Pss Maria Chavchavadse, b.Washington 28 Aug 1953; m.New York
27 Oct 1990 Alexander Rasic (b.Novy Sad, Yugoslavia 31 May 1955)

1k) Yelena Rasic, b.Brooklyn 16 Dec 1990

2j) Pss Alexandra Chavchavadse, b.West Berlin 24 Dec 1954;
m.Wellfleet, Mass 26 Nov 1988 Puthukuty Krishnan Ramani
(b.Carala, India 20 Jan 1956)

1k) Alexander Chavchavadse Ramani-Poduval, b.Cape May,
New Jersey 18 May 1991

2k) Caroline Ramani-Poduval, b.New York 5 Jun 1994

3j) Pss Catherine Chavchavadse, b.Washington 29 Dec 1960;
m.Washington, D.C. 22 Sep 1990 John Alan Redpath
(b.St.Paul, Minnesota 1 Mar 1963)

1k) Sophia Redpath, b.Paris 4 July 1996

2k) Nina Redpath, b.New York 13 Oct 1998

4j) Pr Michael Chavchavadse, b.Washington 1 Aug 1966

2h) Xenia (Mikhailovskoie 22 Aug 1903-Glen Cove, Long Island NY 17
Sep 1965); m.1st Paris 9 Oct 1921 (div 1930) William Bateman Leeds
(New York City 19 Sep 1902-St.Thomas, Virgin Islands 31 Dec
1971);m.2d Glen Cove, NY 10 Aug 1946 Herman Jud (Hicksville,
Long Island 14 Feb 1911-Harrisonburg, Virginia 22 Aug 1987)

1i) Nancy Helen Marie Leeds (New York City 4 Feb 1925-Mertens House,
Woodstock, Vermont 7 Jun 2006); m.Glen Cove 22 Dec 1945
Edward Judson Wynkoop (b.Syracuse, New York 23 May 1917)

1j) Alexandra Wynkoop, b.Stamford, Connecticut 30 Mar 1959

5g) Alexander (Tiflis 13 Apr 1866-Roquebrune 26 Feb 1933);
m.Peterhof 6 Aug 1894 Xenia, Grand Duchess of Russia
(1875-1960; above)

1h) Irina (Peterhof 15 Jul 1895-Paris 26 Feb 1970);
m.St.Petersburg 22 Feb 1914 Pr Felix Yusupov
(St.Petersburg 24 Mar 1887-Paris 27 Sep 1967)

1i) Pss Irina Yusupova (St.Petersburg 21 Mar 1915-Cormeilles
30 Aug 1983); m.Paris 19 Jun 1938 Ct Nikolai Cheremetev
(Moscow 28 Oct 1904-Paris 5 Feb 1979)

1j) Css Xenia Cheremetev, b.Rome 1 Mar 1942;
m.Athens 20 Jun 1965 Elia Sfiris (b.Athens 20 Aug 1932)

1k) Tatiana Sfiris, b.Athens 28 Aug 1968; m.1st Athens
May 1996 Alexis Giannakoupoulos (b.1963);
m.2nd Anthony Vamvakidis

1l) Marilia Vamvakidis, b.17 Jul 2004

2l) Yasmine Xenia Vamvakidis, b.7 May 2006

2h) Pr Andrew (St.Petersburg 24 Jan 1897-Provender, Kent 8 May 1981); m.1st
Yalta 12 Jun 1918 Donna Elisabetha Ruffo (Snamenskoie 26 Dec 1886-Wilderness
House, Hampton Court 29 Oct 1940); m.2d Norton, Kent 21 Sep 1942 Nadine
Sylvia Ada McDougall(Lynsted, Kent 5 Jun 1908-Provender,Faversham, Kent 6 Jun 2000)

1i) Pss Xenia Romanov (Paris 10 Mar 1919-Saint Cernin 22 Oct 2000); m.1st
London 17 Jun 1945 (div 1954) Calhoun Ancrum (b.Philippines 28 Apr 1915);
m.2d Teheran 7 Apr 1958 Geoffrey Tooth (London 1 Sep 1908-Plazac,
Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin 18 Feb 1998)

2i) Pr Michael Romanov (b.Versailles 15 Nov 1920); m.1st Sydney,
Australia 24 Feb 1953 (div 1953) Esther Murphy (b.Horsham,
Australia 21 Oct 1921); m.2d Sydney 23 Jul 1954 Shirley
Crammond (Brisbane 4 Mar 1916-Sydney 20 Jun 1983); m.3d
Sydney 14 Jul 1993 Giulia Gemma Crespi (b.Milan 7 Mar 1930)

3i) Pr Andrew Romanov (b.London 21 Jan 1923); m.1st San
Francisco 9 Sep 1951 (div 1959) Elena Dourneva (b.Tokyo
7 Mar 1927); m.2d San Francisco 21 Mar 1961 Kathleen
Norris (San Francisco 1 Mar 1935-San Francisco 8 Dec
1967); m.3d Inez von Bachelin (b.Santa Monica,
California 11 Oct 1933)

1j) Pr Alexis Romanov (b.San Francisco 27 Apr 1953);
m.Zoetta Leisy (b.Memphis, Tennessee 25 Nov 1956)

2j) Pr Peter Romanov (b.San Francisco 21 Nov 1961)

3j) Pr Andrew Romanov (b.San Francisco 20 Feb 1963);
m.Point Reyes Station CA 12 Jun 1989 Elisabeth
Flores (b.San Francisco 25 Apr 1964)

1k) Pss Natasha Romanov (b.San
Rafael, California 2 Feb 1993)

4i) Pss Olga Romanov (b.London 8 Apr 1950);
m.London 1 Oct 1975 Thomas Mathew (b.8 Jul 1945)

1j) Nicholas Mathew (b.London 6 Dec 1976);
m.Houston and Killenan Kirk 7 Dec 2002 Judith Aird

1k) N Mathew [a son], b.18 Nov 2004

2k) N Mathew [a dau], b.10 Jul 2006

2j) Francis Alexander Mathew (b.London 26 Sep 1978)

3j) Alexandra Mathew (b.London 20 Apr 1981)

4j) Thomas Mathew (27 Nov 1987-20 Apr 1989)

3h) Feodor (St.Petersburg 23 Dec 1898-Ascain, France 30 Nov
1968); m.Paris 21 May 1923 (div 1936) Pss Irina Paley
(1903-1990; above)

1i) Pr Michael Romanov (b.Paris 4 May 1924); m.1st Paris 15
Oct 1958 (div 1992) Helga Staufenberger (b.Vienna 22 Aug1926)
; m.2d Josse 15 Jan 1994 Maria de las Mercedes Ustrell-Cabani
(b.Hospitalet, Spain 26 Aug 1960)

1j) Pr Michael Romanov (Paris 31
Jul 1959-Mumbai, India 24 Jan 2001)

1k) [by Mercedes Ustrell-Cabani] Tatiana (b.Bayonne 21
Oct 1986); she was adopted by her paternal grandfather

2i) Pss Irene Romanov (b.Fontenay 7 May 1934); m.1st Biarritz 23
Dec 1955 (div 1959) Andre Jean Pelle (b.Biarritz 29 Nov 1923);
m.2d Le Pin 26 Dec 1962 (div) Victor-Marcel Soulas
(b.St.Méen-le-Grand 26 Aug 1938)

1j) Alain Pelle, b.Biarritz 19 Sep 1956;
m.Monbahus 14 May 1983 Pascale Deletre

1k) Olivier Pelle, b.Biarritz May 1984

2k) Christophe Pelle, b.Biarritz 15 Feb 1987

2j) Joelle Soulas, b.Marseille 12 May 1966

4h) Nikita (St.Petersburg 16 Jan 1900-Cannes 12 Sep 1974); m.
Paris 19 Feb 1922 Css Maria Vorontzova-Daschkova (Tsarskoie-
Selo 13 Feb 1903-Cannes 15 Jun 1997)

1i) Pr Nikita Romanov (b.London 13 May 1923); m.London 14
Jul 1961 Jane Schonwald (b.Oklahoma City 24 Apr 1933)

1j) Pr Theodore Romanov (b.New York City 30 Nov 1974)

2i) Pr Alexander Romanov (Paris 4 Nov 1929-London 22 Sep 2002); m.
Cannes 18 Jul 1971 Maria Valguarnera di Niscemi(b.Palermo 29 Nov 1931)

5h) Dimitri (Gatschina 15 Aug 1901-London 7 Jul 1980); m.1st Paris
25 Oct 1931 (div 1947) Css Marina Golenistcheva-Koutouzova
(St.Petersburg 20 Nov 1912-Sharon, Connecticut 1969); m.2d
London 20 Oct 1954 Margaret Sheila MacKellar Chisholm
(Sydney, Australia 9 Sep 1898-London 13 Oct 1969)

1i) Pss Nadeshda Romanov (Boulogne 4 Jul 1933-Vancouver 17 Sep 2002);
m.1st London 20 Dec 1952 (div 1976) Anthony Brian Allen (b.Connah's
Quay, Wales 6 May 1931); m.2d William Thomas Hall Clark
(Montreal 17 Mar 1924-Victoria, BC 16 Feb 1995)

1j) Penelope Allen, b.London 27 Feb 1953; m.1981 Pr
Emanuel Galitzine (b.Montevideo, Uruguay 11 Mar 1951)

2j) Marina Allen, b.London 10 Jul 1955; m.1st Victoria BC 20 Jul 1974
(div 1978) Franklin Daniel Hutson (b.Winnipeg 1 Feb 1952); m.2d
Cambridge, Mass 11 Nov 1978 Michael Peter Otis (b.Boston 1948)

3j) Alexandra Allen, b.Redruth,
Cornwall 10 Dec 1958

6h) Pr Rostislav (Ai-Todor, Crimea 24 Nov 1902-Cannes 31 Jul 1978); m.1st
Chicago, Illinois 1 Sep 1928 (div 1944) Pss Alexandra Galitzine (Maryino,
Russia 7 May 1905-Lake Forest, Illinois 5 Dec 2006); m.2d Chicago 24 Nov
1944 (div 1951) Alice Eilken (Chicago 30 May 1923-Skokie, Illinois 21 Oct
1996); m.3d London 19 Nov 1954 Hedwig von Chappuis (Nabelschwedt,
Silesia 6 Dec 1905-Grasse 9 Jan 1997)

1i) Pr Rostislav Romanov (Chicago 3 Dec 1938-London 7 Jan 1999); m.1st
Winnetka 9 Sep 1960 (div 1980) Stephena Verdel Cook (b.Maracaibo,
Venezuela 15 Dec 1938); m.2d Lake Forest, Illinois 16 Aug 1980
[12 Aug 1980?] Christia Ipsen (b.Rockford, Illinois 3 Apr 1949)

1j) Pss Stephena Romanov (b.Chicago 21 Jan 1963); m.
Lake Bluff, Illinois 23 Dec 1988 William Porter Boggis,
III (b.Lake Forest, Illinois 31 Mar 1960)

2j) Pss Alexandra Romanov
(b.Lake Forest, Ill 9 Jun 1983)

3j) Pr Rostislav Romanov
(b.Lake Forest, Ill 21 May 1985)

4j) Pr Nikita Romanov (b.London 24 Jan 1987)

2i) Pr Nicholas Romanov (Chicago 9 Sep 1945-Las Vegas
9 Nov 2000); m.1st Wheaton, Illinois 24 Aug 1966 (div)
Pamela Kuzinowski (b.Chicago 7 Jul 1944); m.2d Lynn N

1j) Pr Nicolas Christopher Romanov (b.Oak Park,
Illinois 30 Jul 1968); m.Rolling Meadows,
Illinois 13 May 1995 Lisa Marie Flowa
(b.Chicago 28 Mar 1971)

1k) Pr Cory Christopher Romanov (Arlington
Heights, Illinois 5 Dec 1994-6 Jan 1998)

2j) Pr Daniel Joseph Romanov
(b.Chicago 19 Mar 1972)

3j) Pss Heather Noelle Romanov
(b.Park Ridge, Illinois 6 Nov 1976)

7h) Vassili (Gatschina 7 Jul 1907-Woodside, California 23
Jun 1989); m.New York City 31 Jul 1931 Pss Natalia
Galitzine (Moscow 26 Oct 1907-Woodside 28 Mar 1989)

1i) Pss Marina Romanov (b.San Francisco 22 May 1940); m.
Woodside CA 8 Jan 1967 (div) William Beadleston
(b.Long Branch, New Jersey 31 Jul 1938)

1j) Tatiana Beadleston, b.New York City 18 May 1968; m.
Southwest Harbor, Maine 21 Jun 1998 Charles Erdman
(b.Boston 3 Jun 1967)

1k) Alexander Erdman, b.Los Angeles 18 Jan 1997

2j) Alexandra Beadleston, b.New York City 19 May 1970;
m.Somerset, Colorado 27 Jul 1996 Peter DeWitt Mason
Blake (b.Charlottesville, Virginia 11 Mar 1970)

1k) Serena Blake, b.Aspen 30 Jul 1997

2k) Fynn Everingham Blake,
b.Grand Junction, Colorado 7 May 1999

3j) Nicholas Beadleston,
b.New York City 22 Nov 1971

4j) Natalie Beadleston, b.New York City 30 Sep 1976;m.
Charleston, South Carolina 22 Mar 2003 John Paul Steinle

1k) N Steinle [a dau], b.2005

6g) Sergei (Borjom, Georgia 7 Oct 1869
-executed at Alapaievsk 17/18 Jul 1918)

7g) Alexis (Tiflis 28 Dec
1875-San Remo 1 Mar 1895)

10e) Michael (St.Petersburg 8 Feb 1798-Warsaw 9 Sep 1849)
; m.St.Petersburg 19 Feb 1824 Charlotte Pss of Württemberg
(Stuttgart 9 Jan 1807-Stuttgart 21 Jan 1873)

1f) Marie (Moscow 9 Mar
1825-Vienna 19 Nov 1846)

2f) Elizabeth (St.Petersburg 26 May 1826-Wiesbaden 28 Jan 1845);
m.St.Petersburg 31 Jan 1844 Adolf, Duke of Nassau [later, Grand
Duke of Luxemburg](Biebrich 24 Jul 1817-Schloß Hohenburg 17 Nov 1905)

3f) Catherine (St.Petersburg 28 Aug 1827-St.Petersburg 12 May 1894)
; m.St.Petersburg 16 Feb 1851 Georg, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(Neustrelitz 11 Jan 1824-St.Petersburg 20 Jun 1876)

4f) Alexander (Moscow 28
Jan 1831-Moscow 27 Mar 1832)

5f) Anne (Moscow 27 Oct 1834
-St.Petersburg 22 Mar 1836)

The Complete List of The Rulers of Russia

Grand Princes of Novgorod and Kiev (c. 860-1240)

Grand Princes of Vladimir-Suzdal (1168-1389)

Grand Prince of Vladimir, Alexander Nevsky 1252-1263

Andrei Bogolyubsky....................................................(1168-1174),
1st Grand Prince of Vladimir....................... son of Yuri Dolgoruki
Mikhail (1174-1176).......................................son of Yuri Dolgoruki
Vsevolod the Big Nest (1176-1212)....eleventh son of Yuri Dolgoruky
Yuri II (1212-1216).......................third son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
Constantine I (1216-1218)............eldest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
Yuri II (1218-1238)...............................................................restored
Yaroslav II (1238-1246)...............fourth son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
Sviatoslav III (1246-1248)..............sixth son of Vsevolod the Big Nest
Mikhail Khorobrit (1248)..................................4th son of Yaroslav II
Andrew II (1248-1252)........................................3rd son of Yaroslav II
Alexander Nevsky (1252-1263).......................fourth son of Yaroslav II
Yaroslav III (1264-1271)............................................son of Yaroslav II
Vasily of Kostroma (1272-1277)...................youngest son of Yaroslav II
Dmitri of Pereslavl (1277-1294)............second son of Alexander Nevsky
Andrey of Gorodets (1294-1304)......................son of Alexander Nevsky
Michael of Tver (1304-1318)...........................second son of Yaroslav III
Yuri of Moscow....................................................................(1318-1322)
Dmitry of Tver......................................................................(1322-1326)
Alexander of Tver..................................................................(1326-1327)
Ivan I of Moscow..................................(Ivan the Moneybag) (1328-1341)
Simeon of Moscow (Simeon the Proud)...................................(1341-1353)
Ivan II of Moscow (Ivan the Fair)............................................(1353-1359)
Dmitri of Suzdal......................................................................(1359-1362)
Dmitri Donskoi........................................................................(1363-1389)

The Grand Princes of Moscow (1283-1547)

Honour monopolized by rulers of Moscow principality,

but see also Grand Prince (of Lithuania)

The Rurik Dynasty

Name	Born-Died	Grand Prince From	Grand Prince Until
Daniel	1261-1303	1283	4 March 1303
Yuri	1281-1325	4 March 1303	21 November 1325
Ivan I (the Moneybag)	1288-1340	21 November 1325	31 March 1340
Simeon (the Proud)	1316-1353	31 March 1340	27 April 1353
Ivan II (the Fair)	1326-1359	27 April 1353	13 November 1359
Dimitri I (of the Don)	1350-1389	13 November 1359	19 May 1389
Vasily I	1371-1425	19 May 1389	27 February 1425
Vasily II (the Blind)	1415-1462	27 February 1425	27 March 1462
Ivan III of Russia (the Great)	1440-1505	5 April 1462	6 November 1505
Vasily III	1479-1533	6 November 1505	13 December 1533
Ivan IV (the Terrible)	1530-1584	13 December 1533	26 January 1547

Tsars of Russia (1547-1721)

The Rurik Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	1530-1584	26 January 1547	28 March 1584
	Feodor I	1557-1598	28 March 1584	17 January 1598

Time of Troubles (1598-1613)

The Godunov Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Boris Godunov	1550/ c. 1551-1605	3 March 1598	23 April 1605
	Feodor II	1589-1605	23 April 1605	11 June 1605

The Usurper

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	False Dmitriy I	1581-1606	30 June 1605	27 May 1606

The Shuisky Dynasty

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Vasili IV Shuisky	1552-1612	27 May 1606	27 July 1610

The Usurper

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	False Dmitriy II (nominally)	1582-1610	27 July 1610	21 December 1610

The House of Vasa

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Tsar From	Tsar Until
	Władysław IV Vasa (formally)	1595-1648	27 August (21 December) 1610	4 November 1612

The Council of Seven Boyars

(27 July 1610 - 4 November 1612)

(From 6 September 1610 for absent Władysław IV Vasa):

Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky
Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky (to March 1611)
Mikhail Fyodorovich Nagoy (from March 1611)
Prince Andrey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy
Prince Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn (to 8 April 1611)
Ivan Simeyonovich Kurakin (from 8 April 1611)
Prince Boris Mikhailovich Lykov-Obolenskiy
Ivan Romanov
Fedor Sheremetev

The Council of All the Land

(17 April 1611 - 26 July 1613)

(In opposition to the Poles and Władysław IV Vasa):

Prince Dmitry Pozharsky
Prokopy Petrovich Lyapunov (to 1 August 1611)
Prince Dmitry Timofeyevich Trubetskoy
Ataman Ivan Martynovich Zarutsky (to 7 August 1612)

The Romanov Dynasty

Monarch	Birth	Marriages	Death
Mikhail 1613-1645	12 July 1596 Moscow son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov and Kseniya Ioannovna Shesotva	Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova 1624 one stillborn child Eudoxia Lukyanovna Streshneva 5 February 1626 ten children	14 July 1645 Moscow aged 49
Alexei 1645-1676	9 May 1629 Moscow son of Tsar Mikhail and Eudoxia Lukyanova Streshneva	Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya 17 January 1648 13 children Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina 1 February 1671 3 children	29 January 1676 Moscow aged 46
Feodor III 1676-1682	9 June 1661 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya	Agaphia Simeonovna Grushevskaya 28 July 1680 one son Marfa Matveievna Apraksina 24 February 1682 no children	7 May 1682 Moscow aged 20
Peter I the Great 1682-1725 jointly with Ivan V until 1696	9 June 1672 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	8 February 1725 aged 52
Ivan V 1682-1696 jointly with Peter I	6 September 1666 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Maria Ilyinichina Miloslavskaya	Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova 1684 5 daughters	8 February 1696 aged 29

Emperors of Russia (1721-1917)

(Also Grand Dukes of Finland from 1809 until 1917;

and Kings of Poland from 1815 until 1916)

The Romanov Dynasty

Monarch	Birth	Marriages	Death
Peter I the Great 1682-1725	9 June 1672 Moscow son of Tsar Alexei and Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	8 February 1725 aged 52
Catherine I 1725-1727	15 April 1684 Ringon, Duchy of Livonia daughter of Samuel Skowroński and Elisabeth Moritz	Peter I of Russia 1707 9 children	17 May 1727 Saint Petersburg aged 43
Peter II 1727-1730	23 October 1715 Saint Petersburg son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and Princess Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	unmarried	30 January 1730 Moscow aged 14
Anna 1730-1740	7 February 1693 Moscow daughter of Tsar Ivan V and Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova	Frederick Wilhelm, Duke of Courland November 1710 no children	28 October 1740 aged 47
Ivan VI 1740-1741	23 August 1740 Saint Petersburg son of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia	unmarried	16 July 1764 Shlisselburg aged 23
Elizabeth 1741-1762	29 December 1709 Kolomenskoye daughter of Emperor Peter I and Empress Catherine I	Alexey Razumovsky(probable) 1742 no children	5 January 1762 aged 52
Peter III 1762	21 February 1728 Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein son of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna	Princess Sophie Friederike Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst 16 August 1745 one son	17 July 1762 (murdered) Ropsha aged 34
Catherine II the Great 1762-1796	2 May 1729 Stettin, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire daughter of Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp	Peter III of Russia 16 August 1745 one son	6 November 1796 Saint Petersburg aged 67
Paul I 1796-1801	1 October 1754 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Peter III and Empress Catherine II	Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 29 September 1773 one stillborn daughter Princess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg 26 September 1776 ten children	23 March 1801 (assassinated) Saint Michael's Castle, Saint Petersburg aged 46
Alexander I the Blessed 1801-1825	23 December 1777 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Louise of Baden 28 September 1793 2 daughters	1 December 1825 Taganrog aged 47
Constantine I (disputed) 1825	27 April 1779 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 26 February no children	27 June 1831 Vitebsk aged 52
Nicholas I the Conqueror 1825-1855	6 July 1796 Gatchina son of Emperor Paul I and Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)	Princess Charlotte of Prussia 13 July 1817 7 children	2 March 1855 Saint Petersburg aged 58
Alexander II the Liberator 1855-1881	29 April 1818 Moscow son of Emperor Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine 16 April 1841 8 children	13 March 1881 (assassinated) Saint Petersburg aged 62
Alexander III the Peace-Maker 1881-1894	10 March 1845 Saint Petersburg son of Emperor Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)	Princess Dagmar of Denmark 9 November 1866 6 children	1 November 1894 Livadiya, Crimea
Nicholas II the Bloody, the Martyr 1894-1917	6 May 1868 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine 26 November 1894 5 children	17 July 1918 (murdered) Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR aged 50
Mikhail II (disputed) 1917	22 November 1878 Tsarskoye Selo son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)	Natalia Brassova 15 October 1911 one son (born before his parents' marriage)	12 June 1918 (murdered) Perm, Russian SFSR aged