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THE DUCHY OF PARMA
Ducato di Parma
House of Bourbon-Parma

The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy
of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III'sillegitimate
son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the
second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming
thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly
known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.

The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731,
at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of
Spain, Don Charles, whose mother Elizabeth Farnese was the Farnese
heiress. He ruled until the end of the War of the Polish Succession
in 1735, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange
for Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la
-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person
of Don Philip, Don Charles's younger brother, which received also the
little Duchy of Guastalla. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the
House of Bourbon-Parma reigning over the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza
and the Duchy of Guastalla.

In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte,
and the political situation of the State became extremely confused. Duke
Ferdinand maintained his throne under French military governors until the
Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, when a general agreement between the House of
Bourbon and Napoleon formally decided the cession of the duchy to France
in exchange for Tuscany, but the Duke lasted in Parma until his death in
1802, maybe by poisoning. However, Napoleon was undecided about the
future of the duchy, aspiring to a total engagement of the Bourbons in the
European wars as his allies. Even if French laws and administration was
gradually introduced, the formal annexation to the French Empire was
declared only in 1808 after the outbreak of the conflict against Bourbonic
Spain. The duchy was reformed as the Département of Taro.

In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie
Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. After Marie Louise's death
in 1847, the Duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been
ruling the tiny Duchy of Lucca. In this context, Guastalla was ceded to
Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a
revolution following the Piedmontese victory in their war against Austria.

The duchies of Parma and Piacenza joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
and the Duchy of Modena to form the puppet United Provinces of Central
Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in
March 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke
of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish
throne in the 1970s) has held the title since 1977.

The Family Titles and Styles

The present members of this family bear the title Prince or Princess of

Bourbon-Parma with the formal appellation of His or Her Royal Highness.

The Genealogy of The Ducal House

File:Madame Infante posthumous portrait Nattier.jpg

Felipe, Infant of Spain, b.Madrid 15 Mar 1720, recognized as Duke FILIPPO

of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla 18 Oct 1748; he d.Alessandria 18 Jul 1765;

he m.by proxy at Versailles 26 Aug 1739 and in person at Alcalá de Henares

25 Oct 1739 Elisabeth of France (Versailles 14 Aug 1727-Versailles 6 Dec 1759)

1a) Isabel Maria Luisa Antonietta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Domenica

Giovanna (Madrid 31 Dec 1741- Vienna 27 Nov 1763); m.by proxy at Parma

7 Sep 1760 and in person at Vienna 6 Oct 1760 Emperor Joseph II

(Schönbrunn 13 Mar 1741-Vienna 20 Feb 1790)

File:Maria Amalia of Habsburg Lorraine1.jpg

2a) FERDINANDO Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo,

Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Parma 20 Jan 1751-Fontevivo 9

Oct 1802); m.Colorno 18 Jul 1769 Maria Amelia, Archdss of

Austria (Vienna 26 Feb 1746-Prague 18 Jun 1804)

1b) Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa (Parma 22 Nov 1770-Dresden

1 Mar1804); m.Dresden 9 May 1792 Maximilian Pr of Saxony

(Dresden 13 Apr 1759-Dresden 3 Jan 1838)

2b) Luigi [LODOVICO] Francesco Filiberto, King of Etruria 28 Jul 1801

(Piacenza 5 Jul 1773-Palazzo Pitti, Florence 27 May 1803); m.San

Ildefonso 25 Aug 1795 Maria Luisa Infanta of Spain

(San Ildefonso 6 Jul 1782-Rome 13 Mar 1824)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Louis_Etrurien1.JPG

1c) CARLO II Lodovico Ferdinando, Duke of Parma and Piacenza 17

Dec 1847 on the death of Empress Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma,

abdicated 19 Apr 1848; reigned as King Lodovico II of Etruria 27 May

1803-10 Dec 1807, Duke of Lucca 13 Mar 1824-15 Oct 1847 (Madrid

22 Dec 1799- Nice 16 Apr 1883); m.Turin 5 Sep 1820 Maria Teresa

Pss of Savoy (Rome 19 Sep 1803-San Martino 16 Jul 1879)

1d) Luisa Francesca di Paola Teresa Maria Anna Clotilda

Beatrice (Lucca 29 Oct 1821-Lucca 8 Sep 1823)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/KarelIIIP.jpg

2d) Ferdinando CARLO III Giuseppe Maria Vittorio Baldassare Duke

of Parma and Piacenza (Lucca 14 Jan 1823, assassinated at Parma 27

Mar 1854); m.Frohsdorf 10 Nov 1845 Louise Marie Thérèse

of France (Paris 21 Sep 1819-Venice 1 Feb 1864)

1e) Margherita Maria Teresa Enrichetta (Lucca 1 Jan 1847-Viareggio

29 Jan 1893); m.Frohsdorf 4 Feb 1867 Carlos de Borbón, Infant of

Spain, Duke of Madrid (Laibach 30 Mar 1848-Varese 18 Jul 1909)

File:2nd wife of Robert, Duke of Parma.JPG

2e) ROBERTO I Carlo Luigi Maria Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Florence

9 Jul 1848- Pianore 16 Nov 1907); was overthrown during the Italian

unification 1859; m.1st Rome 5 Apr 1869 Maria Pia Pss of Bourbon-Two

Sicilies (Gaeta 2 Aug 1849-Biarritz 29 Sep 1882); m.2d Schloß

Fischborn 15 Oct 1884 Maria Antonia Infanta of Portugal (Bronnbach

28 Nov 1862-Schloß Berg, Luxemburg 14 May 1959)

1f) Maria Luisa Pia Teresa Ana Ferdinanda Francesca Antonietta Margherita

Giuseppina Carolina Bianca Lucia Apolonia (Rome 17 Jan 1870-Sofia 31

Jan 1899); m.Pianore 20 Apr 1893 Pr [later, King] Ferdinand of

Bulgaria (Vienna 26 Feb 1861-Coburg 10 Sep 1948)

2f) Ferdinando Maria Carlo (Bozen 5

Mar 1871-Cannes 14 Apr 1872)

3f) Luisa Maria Annunziata Enrichetta Teresa

(Cannes 24 Mar 1872-Brunnsee 22 Jun 1943)

4f) ENRICO Maria Alberto Ferdinando Carlo Pio Luigi Antonio,

Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Pr of Bourbon (Schloß

Wartegg 13 Jun 1873-Pianore 10 May 1939)

5f) Maria Immacolata Luisa Francesca Praxedes Annunziata

Teresa Pia Anna Ferdinanda Antonietta Giuseppina Lucia

Apollonia FilomenaClotilda Emerenciana Maria Giulia

(Schloß Wartegg 21 Jul 1874-Pianore 16 May 1914)

6f) GIUSEPPE Maria Pietro Paolo Francesco Roberto Tomaso-d'Aquino

Andreas-Avellino Biagio Mauro Carlo Stanislao Luigi Filippo Neri

Leone Bernardo Antonio Ferdinando, Duke of Parma and Piacenza,

Pr of Bourbon (Biarritz 30 Jun 1875-Pianore 7 Jan 1950

7f) Maria Teresa Pia Luisa Immacolata Ferdinanda Enrichetta Giuseppina

Alfonsa (Biarritz 15 Oct 1876-Brunnsee 25 Jan 1959)

8f) Maria Pia Antonietta Carolina (Biarritz 9 Oct

1877-Schloß Wartegg 29 Jan 1915)

9f) Beatrice Colomba Maria Immacolata Leonia (Biarritz 9 Jan 1879-

Brunnsee 11 Mar 1946); m.Schwarzau am Steinfelde 12 Aug 1906 Pietro

Cte Lucchesi Palli (Rome 7 Feb 1870-Brunnsee 5 Dec 1939)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Elias%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png

10f) ELIAS Roberto Carlo Maria Pio Giuseppe, Duke of Parma and Piacenza,

Pr of Bourbon (Biarritz 23 Jul 1880-Friedberg 27 Jun 1959); m.Vienna

25 May 1903 Maria Anna, Archdss of Austria

(Linz 6 Jan 1882-Lausanne 25 Feb 1940)

1g) Elisabetta Maria Anna Pia Luisa

(Vienna 17 Mar 1904-Bad Ischl 13 Jun 1983)

2g) Carlo Luigi Federigo Antonio Roberto Elias Maria

(Vienna 22 Sep 1905- Baden, nr Vienna 26 Sep 1912)

3g) Maria Francesca Giuseppa Raniera Enrichetta Pia Luisa

(Weilburg 5 Sep 1906-Fribourg, Switzerland 20 Feb 1994)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/Robert_II%2C_Duke_of_Parma.jpg

4g) ROBERTO II Ranieri Alexis Luigi Enrico Deodato Elias Pio Maria,

Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Weilburg, Austria 7 Aug 1909-Vienna 25 Nov 1974)

5g) Francesco Ranieri Alexis Luigi Enrico Roberto Pio Carlo Elias Maria

(Weilburg 14 Jun 1913-Magyar-Ovar, Hungary 29 May 1939)

6g) Giovanna [Jeanne] Isabella Alfonsina Pia Luisa Maria (Weilburg 8

Jul 1916-k.in a shooting accident at Toledana, Spain 1 Nov 1949)

7g) Alice Maria Teresa Francesca Luisa Pia Anna Valeria (b.Vienna

13 Nov 1917); m.Vienna 16 Apr 1936 Alfonso Pr of Bourbon-Two Sicilies,

Infant of Spain (Madrid 30 Nov 1901-Madrid 3 Feb 1964)

8g) Maria Cristina Albertina Enrichetta Luisa

Pia Carlotta (b.Vienna 7 Jun 1925)

11f) Maria Anastasia Antonietta Cristina Enrichetta

(Biarritz 25 Aug 1881-Biarritz 7 Sep 1881)

12f) Augusto (b.and d.

Biarritz 22 Sep 1882)

13f) Maria della Neve Adelaide Enrichetta Pia Antonia

(Wartegg 5 Aug 1885- Solesmes 6 Feb 1959)

14f) Sisto (Sixte) Ferdinando Maria Ignazio Alfonso Roberto Micael

Francesco Carlo Luigi Saverio Giuseppe Antonio Pio Taddeo Giovanni

Sebastiano Paolo Biagio Estanislao Bernedetto Bernardo Marco

(Wartegg 1 Aug 1886-Paris 14 Mar 1934); m.Paris 12 Nov 1919

Hedwige de la Rochefoucauld (Paris 15 Feb 1896-Paris 7 May 1986)

1g) Isabelle Marie Antoinette Louise Hedwige (b.Paris 14 Mar 1922);

m.Paris (civ) 22 Jun 1943 (rel) 23 Jun 1943 (div 1966) Roger de

La Rochefoucauld (Paris 8 Oct 1915-k.in plane wreck

nr St-Germain-les-Paroisses 13 Apr 1970)

15f) FRANCESCO SAVERIO (Xavier) Carlo Maria Anna Giuseppe,

Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Camaiore 25 May 1889-Zizers 7 May

1977); m.Lignières 12 Nov 1927 Madeleine de Bourbon-

Busset (Paris 23 Mar 1898-Paris 1 Sep 1984)

1g) Marie Françoise Antoinette Jeanne Madeleine

(b.Paris 10 Aug 1928); m.Besson 12 Dec 1959 Eduard Pr

von Lobkowicz (b.New York 12 Jun 1926)

2g) Hugues (CARLOS HUGO) Xavier Marie Sixte Louis Robert Jean

Georges Benoît Michel, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (b.Paris 8 Apr

1930); m.Rome 29 Apr 1964 (div 1981) Irene Pss of the Netherlands,

Pss zur Lippe- Biesterfeld (b.Soestdijk 5 Aug 1939)

1h) Carlos Xavier Bernardo Sixto Maria,

Pr di Piacenza (b.Nimeguen 27 Jan 1970)

1i) [allegedly, natural son by Gitte Klynstra] Carlos

Hugo Roderik Sybren Klynstra, b.Nijmegen 20 Jan 1997

2h) Jaime (Jacques) Bernardo, Cte di

Bardi (b.Nimeguen 13 Oct 1972)

3h) Margarita Maria Beatrix, Ctsa di Colorno (b.Nimeguen 13 Oct 1972);

m.Amsterdam 19 Jun 2001 (rel) Auch 22 Sep 2001 Edwin Karel Willem

de Roy van Zuydewijn (b.Amsterdam 19 Jun 1966)

4h) Maria Carolina Christina, Marchesa

di Sala (b.Nimeguen 23 Jun 1974)

3g) Marie Thérèse Cécile Zita

Charlotte (b.Paris 28 Jul 1933)

4g) Cécile Marie Antoinette Madeleine Jeanne

Agnès Françoise (b.Paris 12 Apr 1935)

5g) Marie-des-Neiges Madeleine

Françoise (b.Paris 29 Apr 1937)

6g) Sixte Henri Hugues François

Xavier (b.Pau 22 Jul 1940)

16f) Francesca Giuseppa Maria Teresa Elisabetta Sofia

Anna Luisa Eulalia Micaela Raffaela Gabriella

(Schwarzau 22 Apr 1890-Solesmes 7 Oct 1978)

17f) Zita Maria delle Grazie Adelgonda Micaela Raffaela Gabriella

Giuseppina Antonia Luisa Agnese (Pianore 9 May 1892-Zizers 14

Mar 1989); m.Schwarzau 21 Oct 1911 Emperor Karl of Austria

(Persenbeug 17 Aug 1887-Funchal, Madeira 1 Apr 1922)

18f) Felix Maria Vincenz, cr 5 Nov 1919 Pr of Luxemburg (Schwarzau

28 Sep 1893- Luxemburg 8 Apr 1970); m.Luxemburg 6 Nov 1919

Grand Dss Charlotte of Luxemburg; for further details see Luxemburg

19f) René Charles Maria Joseph (Schwarzau 17 Oct 1894-Hellerup

30 Jul 1962); m.Copenhagen 9 Jun 1921 Margrethe Pss of

Denmark (Bernstorff 17 Sep 1895- Brodrehoj 18 Sep 1992)

1g) Jacques Maria Antoine Robert Waldemar Charles Felix Sixte

Ansgar (Longwy, France 9 Jun 1922-nr Roskilde 5 Nov 1964); m.

Ledreborg 9 Jun 1947 Birgitte Komtesse af

Holstein-Ledreborg (b.Ledreborg 29 Jun 1922)

1h) Philipp Georg Karl Valdemar René Joseph Marie (b.Copenhagen

22 Jan 1949); m.Ledreborg 5 May 1979 Annette

Smith (b.Koge, Seeland 24 Apr 1955)

1i) Jacques Carl Christian Marie

(b.Roskilde 3 Jan 1986)

2i) Joseph Axel Alain Eric Marie

(b.Roskilde 6 Jun 1989)

2h) Lorraine Charlotte Tatjana Ebba Johanna Maria

Antonia Josephine Renée (b.Roskilde 27 Jul 1951)

3h) Alain Johann Knud Bernhard Felix Maria René

Joseph (b. Roskilde 15 May 1955); m.2001

Inga Birgitte Vedel Andersen (b.1948)

2g) Anna Maria Antonie Françoise Zita Marguerite

(b.Paris 18 Sep 1923); m.Athens 10 Jun 1948 King

Michael of Romania (b.Sinaia 25 Oct 1921)

3g) Michel Marie Xavier Waldemar Georg Robert Karl Eymar (b.

Paris 4 Mar 1926); m.1st Paris (civ) 23 May 1951 (rel) 9 Jun 1951

(separated 1966, div 1999) Pss Yolande de Broglie-Revel (b.Paris

26 Apr 1928); m.2d Manalapan, Florida 16/17 May 2003

Princess Maria Pia of Savoy (b.Naples 24 Sep 1934)

1h) Eric Marie Joseph René Michel Pierre (b.Copenhagen 28

Aug 1953); m.Ledreborg 8 Aug 1980 (div 1999) Lydia

Komtesse af Holstein- Ledreborg (b.Roskilde 22 Feb 1955)

1i) Antoinette Monique Charlotte

Marie (b.Roskilde 10 Jun 1981)

2i) Marie Gabrielle Yolanda Camilla

Philippine (b.Paris 23 Dec 1982)

3i) Alexia Thérèse Sybille Eric Charles Marie

(b.Palm Beach, Florida 7 Mar 1985)

4i) Michel Knud John Joseph Marie

(b.Lejre, nr Roskilde 12 Feb 1989)

5i) Henri Luitpold Antoine Victor

Marie Joseph (b.Roskilde 14 Oct 1991)

2h) Inès Marie Joseph Margarethe Yolande Tatiana

(Paris 9 May 1952-London 20 Oct 1981)

3h) Sybil Marie Joseph Anne Victoire (b.Paris 10 Nov 1954); m.

Versailles 5 Dec 1997 Craig Richards (b.in Wales 22 Apr 1962)

4h) Victoire Maria Pia Joseph Philippe Isaure (Boulogne-Billaincourt

8 Nov 1957-Neuilly 24 Jan 2001); m.1st (civ) Paris 25 Feb 1974 (rel)

Beaumont-le-Roger 25 Feb 1974 (div 1988) Ernst Frhr von Gecmen

Waldek (b.Prague 11 Jul 1943); m.2d Palm Beach 15 May 1993

Carlos Ernesto Rodriguez (b.Caracas 28 Dec 1956)

1i) Tatiana Frn von Gecmen Waldek, b.Paris 22 Jun

1974; m. Versailles 23 Sep 1995 Michael Berger-

Sandhofer (b.Salzburg 24 Dec 1962)

1j) Alexander Berger-

Sandhofer, b.3 Jun 1995

2j) Balthazar Berger-

Sandhofer, b.30 Apr 1997

2i) Vincent-Nicholas Frhr von

Gecmen-Waldek, b.Paris 30 Aug 1981

5h) Charles Emmanuel Marie Joseph Jacques Hély (b.Paris 3 Jun

1961); m.Paris 18 May (rel) Dampierre 25 May 1991 Constance

de Ravinel (b.Boulogne- Billancourt 18 Jul 1970)

1i) Amaury Yves Michel Marie

Joseph (b.Paris 30 Oct 1991)

2i) Charlotte Alexe Yolande Marie Joseph

(b.Boulogne-Billaincourt 18 Jul 1993)

3i) Elisabeth Flore Angélique Marie Joseph

(b.Boulogne-Billancourt 12 Jun 1996)

4i) Zita Angélique Inès Marie Joseph

(b.Boulogne-Billancourt 1 Apr 1999)

4g) André Marie (b.Paris 6 Mar 1928); m.(civ) Paris 2 May 1960 (rel)

Villefranche nr Nice 9 May 1960 Marina Gacry (b.Paris 5 Sep 1935)

1h) Axel (b.18 Sep 1968); m.(civ) Lozère 8 Aug 1996

[or, 17 Aug 1996] (rel) St.Sauveur-du-Peyre 7 Sep

1996 Raphaële de Montagnon (b.Paris 9 Jun 1971)

1i) Côme (b.Neuilly

7 May 1997)

2i) Alix (b.26

Mar 2000)

2h) Sophie (Tania) (b.13 Nov 1961); m.(civ) Vienna

8 Jul 1988 (rel) Lozère 9 Aug 1988 Gilbert

Silly dit Gilbert Bécaud (b.Paris 2 Feb 1953)

1i) Marguerite Bécaud, b.

Boulogne-Billancourt 3 Jan 1993

2i) Héléna

Bécaud, b.1999

3h) Astrid

(b.22 Sep 1964)

20f) Maria Antonia Sofia Lodovica Giuseppa Micaela Gabriella

Raffaela Anna (Schwarzau 7 Nov 1895-Solesmes 19 Oct 1937)

21f) Isabella Maria Anna (Schwarzau 14

Jun 1898-Gaissau, Vorarlberg 28 Jul 1984)

22f) Louis Charles Maria Leopold Robert (Schwarzau 5 Dec 1899-

Mandelieu 4 Dec 1967); m.Rome 23 Jan 1939 Maria Pss

of Savoy (Rome 26 Dec 1914-Mandelieu 4 Dec 2001)

1g) Veit (Guy) Sixte Louis Robert Victor (Cannes 7 Aug 1940-Paris 9

Mar 1991); m.Cannes (civ) 10 Jul 1964 (rel) 11 Nov 1964 (div 1981)

Brigitte Peu-Duvallon (Cannes 13 Aug 1943-Lausanne 25 Feb 1993)

1h) Louis Victor-Emmanuel Sixte-Robert (b.Paris 25 Jun 1966);

m.Prangins, Switzerland (civ) 11 May 1990 (rel) 19 May 1992

Ariane Nicolet (b.Tramelan,

Switzerland 16 Jan 1966)

1i) Delphine

(b.Lausanne 11 Jul 1992)

2i) Guy (b.Genolier,

Switzerland 6 Feb 1995)

2g) Rémy François Xavier Louis Robert Victor (b.Cannes 14 Jul 1942);

m.1st (civ) Saint Prix 8 Feb 1973 (rel) Paris 10 Feb 1973 (div 1983)

Laurence Dufresne d'Arganchy (b.Paris 18 Jan 1951); m.

2d Switzerland 5 Jul 2003 Mme Elisabeth Tardif

1h) Tristan Louis Christian Thierry

Marie (b.Cannes 30 Jun 1974)

2h) Aude (b.Cannes 26 Jan 1977)

3g) Chantal Marie Helene Charlotte (b.Cannes 24 Nov 1946); m.1st

(civ) Mandelieu 1 Jul 1977 (rel) Cannes 23 Sep 1977 (div) Panayotis

Skinas (b.Athens 8 Mar 1937); m.2d Sainte-Thorette 24 Sep

1988 François-Henri des Georges (b.Nice 4 Mar 1941)

1h) Hélène Skinas,

b.London 13 Mar 1978

2h) Alexandre Skinas,

b.London 7 Jul 1980

4g) Jean Bernard Rémy (b.Cannes 15 Oct 1961); m.(civ)

Antibes 25Mar 1988 (rel) Juan-les-Pins 26 Mar 1988 (

div 2000) Virginia Roatta (b.31 Aug 1964)

1h) Arnaud Pascal Dominique Louis

Marie Alphonse (b.Cannes 26 Oct 1989)

2h) Christophe

(b.Cannes 4 Jul 1991)

23f) Enrichetta (Henriette) Anna Maria Immacolata Giuseppa

Antonia (Pianore 8 Mar 1903-Marti, nr Pisa 13 Jun 1987)

24f) Gaetano Maria Joseph Pius (Pianore 11 Jun 1905-

Mandelieu 9 Mar 1958); m.Paris 29 Apr 1931 (div 1955)

MargaretePss von Thurn u.Taxis (b.Beloeil 8 Nov 1909)

1g) Diana Marguerite (b.Paris 22 May 1932); m.Krauchenwies 16 Apr

1955 (div 1961) Franz Pr von Hohenzollern (Umkirch 15 Mar 1926-

Sigmaringen 13 Mar 1996); m.2d Stuttgart 21 Mar 1961 Hans Joachim

Oehmichen (Barnitz 4 Oct 1920-Bad Krozingen 11 Jul 1995)

1h) Alexander Oehmichen, b.Sigmaringen 2 Jun 1957 [Prinz von

Hohenzollern by birth, being born while his mother was married

to her first husband; he has changed his name to Oehmichen];

m.Antigua 1998 Jutta Raiss (b.Worms 14 Jan 1963)

1i) Philipp Alexander Wolfgang Maria

Oehmichen, b.Munich 7 Jun 2002

2h) Gaetano Oehmichen, b.Naples 1 May 1961; m.Lahnstein

7 Oct 1995 Julika Reich (b.Lahnstein 29 Oct 1964)

1i) Robert Hans-Joachim Gerhard

Oehmichen, b.Kiel 3 Mar 2001

3h) Maria Oehmichen,

b.Freiburg 1 Jun 1964

3e) Alicia Maria Carolina Ferdinanda Rachel Giovanna Filomena

(Parma 27 Dec 1849- Schwertberg 16 Nov 1935); m.Frohsdorf 11

Jan 1868 Grand Duke Ferdinando IV of Tuscany, Archduke

of Austria (Florence 10 Jul 1835-Salzburg 17 Jan 1908)

4e) Enrico Carlo Luigi Giorgio Abraham Paolo Maria, Cte di Bardi

(Parma 12 Feb 1851- Menton 14 Apr 1905); m.1st Cannes 25 Nov

1873 Immacolata Pss of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Naples 21 Jan 1855-

Pau 23 Aug 1874); m.2d Salzburg 15 Oct 1876 Adelgunde Infanta

of Portugal (Bronnbach 10 Nov 1858-Gunten, Switzerland 15 Apr 1946)

2c) Maria Luisa Carlotta (Barcelona 2 Oct 1802-Rome 18 Mar 1857);

m.1st Dresden 7 Nov 1825 Maximilian Pr of Saxony (Dresden 13 Ap

r 1759-Dresden 3 Jan 1838); m.2d 22 Jul 1849 Cte Francesco Rossi

(Rome 5 Dec 1797-Venice 30 Sep 1856); m.3d 19 Feb 1855

Cavaliere Giovanni Vimercati (21 Dec 1788-28 Mar 1858)

3b) Maria Antonietta Giuseppina Walburga Anna Luisa Vicenza

Margherita Caterina (Parma 28 Nov 1774-Rome 20 Feb 1841)

4b) Carlotta Maria Ferdinanda Teresa Anna Giuseppa Giovanna

Luisa Vicenza Rosalia (Parma 1 Sep 1777-Rome 5 Apr 1813)

5b) Filippo Maria Lodovico Francesco

(Parma 22 Mar 1783-Parma 2 Jul 1786)

6b) Antonietta Luisa (b.

Parma 21 Oct 1784-d.an infant)

7b) Maria Luisa (Parma

17 Apr 1787-Parma 22 Nov 1789)

3a) Maria Luisa Teresa (Parma 9 Dec 1751-Rome 2

Jan 1819); m.San Ildefonso 4 Sep 1765 King Carlos

IV of Spain (Portici 11 Nov 1748-Rome 19 Jan 1819)

The List of Dukes of Parma

The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860. The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of Ottavio Farnese (1549-1556), and the time of the Napoleonic wars, when the two were established as separate positions held by two individuals. The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla and of Varella. The position is currently claimed by a member of the Bourbon family, which also holds the Spanish throne. Therefore, the current claimant to the Duchy of Parma is a legitimate (though not prime) claimant to the Kingdom of Spain; indeed, the current Duke of Parma, Carlos-Hugo, was a pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s (see Carlism).

The Reigning Dukes of Parma (1545-1802)

The House of Farnese 1545-1731

Duke	Birth	Marriages	Death
Pier Luigi 1545-1547	19 November 1503 Rome son of Cardinal Alexander Farnese (future Pope Paul III) and probably Silvia Ruffini	Girolama Orsini 1519 Rome 4 children	10 September 1547 Piacenza aged 43
Ottavio 1556-1586	9 October 1524 Valentano son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma and Girolama Orsini	Margaret of Parma 4 November 1538 Rome 2 children	18 September 1586 Parma aged 61
Alessandro 1586-1592	27 August 1545 Rome son of Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margaret of Parma	Maria of Portugal 11 November 1565 Bruxelles 3 children	3 December 1592 Saint Waast, Netherlands aged 46
Ranuccio I 1592-1622	28 March 1569 Parma son of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Maria of Portugal	Margherita Aldobrandini 7 May 1600 Rome 9 children	5 March 1622 Parma aged 52
Odoardo 1622-1646	28 April 1612 Parma son of Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margherita Aldobrandini	Margherita de Medici 11 October 1628 Florence 4 children	11 September 1646 Piacenza aged 44
Ranuccio II 1646-1694	17 September 1630 Casalmaggiore son of Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margherita de Medici	(1) Marguerite of Savoy 29 April 1660 Torino 2 children (2) Isabella of Modena 18 February 1664 Modena 3 children (3) Maria of Modena 1 October 1668 Modena 9 children	11 December 1694 Parma aged 64
Francesco 1694-1727	19 May 1678 Parma son of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma and Maria of Modena	Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg 26 February 1727 Parma no issues	26 May 1727 Piacenza aged 49
Antonio 1727-1731	29 May 1679 Parma son of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma and Maria of Modena	Henrietta Maria of Modena 26 February 1727 Parma no issues	26 February 1731 Parma aged 49

The House of Bourbon 1731-1735

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles, Duke of Parma 1731-1735		20 January 1716 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Maria Amalia of Saxony 19 June 1738 13 children	14 December 1788 Madrid aged 72

[edit] House of Habsburg 1735-1748

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor 1735-1740		1 October 1685 Vienna son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg	Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1 August 1708 Barcelona 4 children	20 October 1740 Vienna aged 55
Maria Theresa of Austria 1740-1748		13 May 1717 Vienna daughter of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor 12 February 1736 16 children	29 November 1780 Vienna aged 63

The House of Bourbon-Parma 1748-1803

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Philip, Duke of Parma 1748-1765		15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese	Princess Louise Élisabeth of France 25 October 1739 3 children	18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765-1802 nominal since 1796		20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Princess Louise Élisabeth of France	Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children	9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51

The Honorary Dukes of Parma (1808-1814)

These did not actually rule over any territory of Parma and Piacenza, but were of the honorary,

Hereditary type duché grand-fief, granted by Napoleon in 1808.

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, duc de Parme 1808-1814		18 October 1753 Montpellier son of Jean-Antoine de Cambaceres and Marie-Rose Vassal	*never married*	8 March 1824 Paris aged 70
Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance 1808-1814		19 March 1739 Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin fourth son of Paul Lebrun and Louise Le Cronier	Sophie de Marbois 1804 Louvre 1 daughter	16 June 1824 Sainte-Mesme aged 85

The Reigning Dukes of Parma (1814-1860)

The House of Habsburg-Lorraine, 1814-1847

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma 1814-1847		12 December 1791 Vienna daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily	(1) Napoleon I of France 1 April 1810 Louvre 1 son (2) Adam Albert, Count von Neipperg 7 September 1821 Parma three children (3) Charles-René, Count of Bombelles Parma 17 February 1834 no issues	17 December 1847 Parma aged 56

Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, the son of Marie Louise and
Napoleon I of France was at one time in the line of succession, but was never Duke of Parma.

The House of Bourbon-Parma, 1847-1860

Duke	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847-1848	22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca	Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children	16 April 1883 Nice aged 84
Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848-1854	14 January 1823 Pianore son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Maria Teresa of Savoy	Louise Marie Thérèse of France 10 November 1845 4 children	27 March 1854 Parma aged 31
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1854-1860	9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of France	(1) Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children (2) Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 63

The Nominal Dukes of Parma, House of Bourbon-Parma, since 1860

Duke	Birth	Marriages	Death
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1860-1907 titular	9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of France	(1) Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children (2) Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 63
Henry, Duke of Parma 1907-1939 titular	13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66
Joseph, Duke of Parma 1939-1950 titular	30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75
Elias, Duke of Parma 1950-1959 titular	23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children	27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79
Robert II, Duke of Parma 1959-1974 titular	7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria	never married	25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65
Xavier, Duke of Parma 1974-1977 titular	25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal	Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children	7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma since1977 titular	8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier, Duke of Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset	Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children	incumbent