Empire of Mexico - House of Iturbide

The First Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper and those of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala. After the declaration of independence on September 28, 1821, it was the intention of the Mexican parliament to establish a commonwealth whereby the King of Spain, Ferdinand VII, would also be Emperor of Mexico, but in which both countries were to be governed by separate laws and with their own legislative offices. Should the king refuse the position, the law provided for a member of the House of Bourbon to accede to the Mexican throne. Ferdinand VII, however, did not recognize the independence and said that Spain would not allow any other European prince to take the throne of Mexico. By request of Parliament, the president of the regency Agustín de Iturbide was proclaimed emperor of Mexico.

The Second Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico under the regime established from 1864 to 1867. For the earlier monarchy in Mexico in 1821-1823, It was created by Napoleon III of France, who attempted to use the Mexican adventure to recapture some of the grandeur of earlier Napoleonic times. The military intervention put Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria on the Mexican Throne as Maximilian I of Mexico. It was promoted and installed by the French, with some support from the Austrian and Spanish Crowns, in order to create a European-style monarchical system in Mexico. The French also had support from conservativeelements within Mexico, such as the Mexican nobility, who were looking for a way to promote stability and end the constant cycle of unrest and revolution.

The House of Iturbide is the former Imperial House of Mexico. It was founded by Agustín de Iturbide in 1822 when the newly independent Mexican congress confirmed his title of Agustín I, Constitutional Emperor of Mexico. It is sometimes called the Imperial House of Habsburg-Iturbide as a memoir to Maximilian I of Mexico of the House of Habsburg who ruled as Mexican emperor from 1864-1867 during the Second Mexican Empire.

After Mexico was declared and recognized as an independent state, Iturbide was backed and influenced by Mexico's conservadores who favored an independent Mexico with a monarch from one of the European royal families as head of state. When no European royals accepted Mexico's offer (as Spain still had hopes of taking Mexico back), Iturbide was persuaded by his advisers to be named Emperor in the manner of Napoleon I.

The House of Iturbide still continues today, but the male line had died out with Don Agustin and his cousin Don Salvador, the two adoptive sons of Maximilian I of Mexico. It continues today through the line of Don Salvador's daughter, Doña Maria Josepha Sophia de Iturbide. The House of Iturbide holds no recognition from the Mexican government, nor does it serve in protocolary events.

Since the deposition of Maximilian I as Emperor of Mexico, there has been a pretender line of accession to the throne, through his adopted sons - the grandsons of Agustin I. The current Pretender to the throne of Mexico is Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide, born in 1944. He is not a male-line descendant, but inherited his claim following the death of his grandmother Maria Josepha Sophia de Iturbide, who was the daughter of Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán, Emperor Maximilian's adoptee. Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide resides in Australia. Should this entire line fail, along with all other descendants of Agustín de Iturbide, the next likely successor might be the emperor's sister, Doña Josefa.

The Sovereign: (reign name)... by the grace of God and will of the people, Emperor of Mexico, with the style of His Imperial Majesty. The consort of the Sovereign: Empress of Mexico, with the style of Her Imperial Majesty. The Heir Apparent: The Prince Imperial of Mexico, with the style of His Imperial Highness.The younger sons of the Sovereign: Prince Don (personal names) de Iturbide é (mother's surname), Mexican Prince, with the style of His Highness. The daughters of the Sovereign: Princess Doña (personal names) de Iturbide é (mother's surname), Mexican Princess, with the style of Her Highness. Other, more remote colatterals in the male line: Prince or Princess de Iturbide, with the style of Highness.

de, of Irisarry, Lower Navarre. b. ca 1610. m. Doña Graciana de Churitegui (aka Churruqueta or Churubeque) (b. ca 1615). He had issue:

1) Don Bernardo de Itúrbide é Churitegui. b. ca 1635. Removed from Irisarry to Villa de Falces, Navarre. m. at Falces, Navarre, 20th October 1660, Doña Isabel de Mendiondo y Sola (b. at Falces, Navarre, 26th November 1640), daughter of Migel Mendiondo, of Falces, Navarre, by his wife, Catalina Sola y Luengo, daughter of Arnaut Sola, of Falces, Navarre, by his wife, Margarita Luengo. He had issue, a son and a daughter:

a) Don José de Itúrbide é Mendiondo. bapt. at Templo de Sta María, Falces, Spain, 21st February 1666. m. at Peralta, Spain, 27th May 1691, Doña Antonia de Irigaraya é Orduña (b. ca 1670), daughter of Don Juan de Irigaraya, by his wife Doña María Josefa de Orduñal. He had issue:

i) Don José Salvador de Itúrbide é Irigaraya. bapt. at the Church of San Juan Evangelista, Peralta, Spain, 5th May 1693. m. 8th February 1711, Doña Magadalena Alvarez de Eulate é Bicuña (b. at Peralta, ca 1695), daughter of Don Pedro Alvarez de Eulate by Doña Josefa de Bicuña. He had issue:

(1) Don José de Itúrbide é Alvarez de Eulate. b. at Peralta, Spain, 3rd November 1711 (bap. 5th November 1711). m. at Peralta, Spain, 8th December 1737, Doña María Josefa de Arreguí é Castelú (b. ca 1715), daughter of Don José de Arreguí é Chocorro, of Lumbier, Spain, by his wife, Doña Josefa de Castelú é Esnor, daughter of Don José de Castelú. He had issue:

(a) H.H. Don José Joaquín de Itúrbide é Arreguí, Prince of the Union. bapt. at Peralta, Spain, 6th February 1739, educ. privately. Emigrated to New Spain between 1763 and 1766 and settled at Valladolid (now called Morelia). Mbr Municipal Council 1786, appointed Hon Regent of Mexico 1st June 1822, Granted the title of Principe de la Union with the style of His Highness by the Mexican Congress, 22nd June 1822. Rector of the Archicofradia Noble de los Caballeros de la Santa Veracruz, Mayor de la Secretaria de Negocios Eclesiàsticos. Rcvd: GC of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe (13.8.1822). m. (first) in Spain, Doña Vicenta de Auzla (d. ca 1765). m. (second) at Pueblo de Sta Clara de los Cobres, Michoacàn, Mexico, 21st November 1772, Doña María Josefa de Arámburo é Carrillo de Figueroa (b. in Michoacàn, Mexico, ca 1740; d. at Mexico City, 3rd December 1820, bur. Panteon de San Pablo), daughter of Don Sebastiàn de Aràmburo é Urisibar, of Oyarzùn, Guipuzcoa, Spain, by his wife, Doña Micaela Nicolasa Carrillo de Figueroa é Villaseñor, 7th degree niece of Captain Don Juan de Villaseñor Orozcp, Conquistador of New Spain, and daughter of Don José Joaquín Carrillo de Figueroa, of Acámbaro, New Spain. He d. 19th November 1825, having had issue, six sons and four daughters:

(i) Don Guilhermo de Itúrbide é Auzla [Guillaume d'Yturbide]. b. at Cambo, 27th June 1764, educ. privately. RepFrench of Lower Navarre in the States General 1789. m. 1802, Jeanne, née Deyhins. He d. at Bayonne, 10th October 1831, having had issue, a son:

1. Michel d'Yturbide. b. at Bayonne, 29th May 1810, educ. privately. Ship owner and businessman. m. Marie-Louise (b. at Bayonne, 17th December 1824; d. at Biarritz, 18th April 1903), daughter of Victor Boucard-Fasquel, by his wife, Philippine Agustíne Pétronille Sophie, née d'Imtrong. He d. at Bayonne, 27th November 1865, having had issue, a son:

a. Charles d'Yturbide. b. at Bayonne, 26th May 1846, educ. Chief Judge at Bayonne, and Russian Vice-Consul there. Rcvd: Knt. of the Order of St Stanislas 4th class of Russia, and Officer of the Order of the Liberator of Venezuela. m. (first) 27th March 1878, Catherine née Moreau (d. 1881). m. (second) at Biarritz, 15th September 1883, Catherine Marie (b. at St Servan; d. at Biarritz, 13th January 1925), daughter of Pierre Charles Dumont, by his wife, Jeanne Jenny née Viviez. He d. at Eaux-bonnes, Lower Pyrénées, 10th August 1907, having had issue, two sons and one daughter:

i. Captain Albert d'Yturbide. b. at Paris, 30th September 1878 (s/o Catherine), educ. Sous-Lieut 3rd Regt de chasseurs d'Afrique, served in the Great War 1914-1918 with the 3rd Colonial Corps and distinguished himself at the Battles of Rossignol 22nd August 1914 and the Marne 9th September, prom Capt 77th Regt of Infantry. Rcvd: MID, Knt of the Order of the Legion of Honour, Croix de guerre, etc. m. at Cholet, Maine and Loire, 1909, Christine, née de Thénaisie (d. at Angers, April 1971). He d.s.p. at Angers, 1948.

ii. Captain Pierre d'Yturbide. b. at Biarritz, 4th January 1887 (s/o Catherine Marie), educ. capitaine de corvette in the French Navy, sometime Naval attaché at Helsinki, and cmdr. of the Senégalais. Rcvd: Knt. of the Orders of the Legion of Honour, White Rose of Finland, and Cross of Virtuti Militari of Poland, Croix de guerre, Moroccan Campaign Medal, etc. He d. unm. at Brest, 29th November 1926 (bur. Biarritz).

i. Claire. b. at Biarritz, 4th January 1887 (d/o Catherine Marie), educ. m. at Biarritz, 13th July 1923, Professor Léon Goa, DSc (b. at Biarritz, 27th June 1873; d. there, 14th October 1943), Professor of Natural History at Lycées of Sens, Besancon, Pau and Bayonne, son of Blaise Goa, by his wife, Marguerite, née Haramburo. She d. at Bayonne, 26th December 1973, having had issue, an only daughter.

(ii) Don José Francisco de Itúrbide é Arámburo. b. at Vallodolid, Michoacán, 25th November 1775 (s/o María Josefa), educ. Seminary of Vallodolid de Michoacán. Advocate. He d.s.p.

(iii) Don José Apolinario Cristobal de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario Vallodolid, Michoacán, 25th July 1777 (s/o María Josefa). He d.s.p.

(iv) Don Agustín Cosme Damiàn de Iturbide é Arámburo, who became Agustin I, Emperor of Mexico (s/o María Josefa)

(v) Don Francisco Manuel de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario Vallodolid, Michoacán, 6th October 1785.

(vi) Don José Mariano Ilarion de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario, Vallodolid, Michoacán, 23rd October 1790.

(i) H.H. Princess Doña María Nicolasa de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario Vallodolid, Michoacán, 15th September 1774 (d/o María Josefa). Granted the title of Princess de Itúrbide with the style of Her Highness by the Mexican Congress, 22nd June 1822. She d. unm. at Mexico City, 4th February 1840.

(ii) Doña María Ignacia Juana de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario Vallodolid, Michoacán, 26th November 1778. She d. unm.

(iii) Doña María Josefa Simphorosa de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario Vallodolid, Michoacán, 23rd July 1780 (d/o María Josefa). m. at Valladolid, Michoacàn, 18th September 1797, Don José Antonio Sánchez de Manzanera é Ponce de Leon (b. at Lorca, Spain, 1739; d. at Canatlan, Durango, Mexico, 4th May 1826). She d. at Canatlan, Durango, Mexico, 1820, having had issue, two sons and six daughters:

1. Don José Joaquín de los Desamparados de Manzanera é Itúrbide. bap. at the Metropolitan Sagrario, Victoria de Durango, 15th May 1804.

2. Don Francisco de Manzanera é Itúrbide. b. at Santiaguillo, Canatlan, Durango, 1812. m. Doña Juana Rocha. He had issue, one son and one daughter:

a. Doña Carlota de Manzanera é Rocha.
1. Doña María Ignacia de Manzanera é Itúrbide. m. Don Eduardo García. She d.s.p.

2. H.H. Princess Doña María Josefa de Manzanera é Itúrbide. b. at Valladolid, Michoacàn, 6th October 1800. m. at Canatlán, Durango, 18th November 1817, Colonel Señor Don Juan Bautista de Landa y Mendieta (b. at Durango, Nueva Vizcaya, 26th June 1789; d. 18xx), rcvd: Knt of the Order of Guadalupe, son of Don Antonio Ramón de Landa y Ibarreche, of Durango, Nueva Vizcaya, by his wife, Doña Loreto Mendieta y Soto, daughter of Don Antonio Mendieta, of Ayamonte, Seville, Spain. She had issue:

b. Don Agustín de Landa y Manzanera. b. at Mexico City, 17th February 1824.

a. Doña María de la Concepción de Landa y Manzanera. b. at Mexico City, 1832. m. at the Oratorio del Obispo de Tenagra, Mexico City, 15th June 1855, Don Juan María de Icaza é Iturbe (b. at the Hacienda del Ojo, Durango, 1825; d. at Durango, 30th April 1898), fifth son of Don Mariano de Icaza é Iraeta, by his wife, Doña Ignacia Iturbe é Iraeta, daughter of Don Gabriel Iturbe é Iraeta. She d. at Mexico City, 22nd February 1915 (bur. there at the Panteón Francés), having had issue, four sons:

i. Don José Ignacio de Icaza y Landa. b. at Mexico City, 7th March 1857. Deputy of the Mexican Congress. Auditor of State Bank of Mexico and the Mexican Bank for Trade and Industry 1907-1911, Dir State Lottery 1912. Hon Vice-Consul for Peru in Mexico City 1912, Consul-Gen for the Republics of Panama 1922 and Peru. Dir Mexican National Life Insurance Co 1887. Rcvd: Knt of the Orders of the Iron Crown of Austria and the Sun of Peru, etc. m. at Santa Brígida, Mexico City, 16th May 1881, Doña Valentina María Guadalupe Camacho y Pizarro (b. at Mexico City, 15th February 1860; d. there 16th February 1941, bur. in the crypt of Mexico City Cathedral), youngest daughter of Don Sebastián Camacho y Zulueta, by his wife, Doña María Loreto Atanasia Geronima Rita de la Cruz Pizarro y Mayor del Valle, daughter of Don Andrés Avelino Pizarro y Martínez, of Veracruz. He d. at Mexico City, 10th May 1933 (bur. in the crypt of Mexico City Cathedral), having had issue, two sons and one daughter:

1a. Don José Ignacio de Loyola Eulogio José de Arimatea Luis Gonzaga Tomás de Aquino Eduvigen Matías Domingo del Dulce Nombre de los Sagrados Corazones de Jesús y de María de Icaza y Camacho. b. at Mexico City, 11th March 1886. m. at Santa Brígida, Mexico City, 13th January 1912, Doña María Catarina Cabrera y Ordeñana (b. at San Francisco, California, USA, 27th May 1884; d. Standford, California , 5th March 1975), daughter of Don Eduardo Cabrera y García, of San Francisco, California, by his wife, Doña María Isabel Ruperta Ordeñana y Vega, daughter of Don José Bernardo Máximo de Jesús Ordeñana y Palacio, of Álamos, Sonora. He d. at Ross, California, USA, 18th December 1930, having had issue, three sons and three daughters.

2a. Don Juan de Icaza y Camacho. b. at Mexico City, 1st July 1889. m. (first) Doña María de la Concepción Icaza-Mayora, youngest daughter of his paternal uncle, Don Rafael María de Icaza y Landa, by his wife, Doña Manuela Mayora y Carpio. m. (second) Doña Rosario Martínez. He d. at Mexico City, 17th November 1953 (bur. there at the Panteón Francés), having had issue, one son by his first wife.

1a. Doña María Guadalupe Eufrasia Josefa Luisa Gonzaga Encarnación de Icaza y Camacho. b. at Mexico City, 13th March 1882. m. 1st October 1904, Albino Acereto y Cortés (b. at Cansahcab, Yucatán, 5th June 1875; d. at Mexico City, 19th August 1948), son of Crescencio Acereto y Pérez, by his wife, Felipa Cortés Canto. She d. at Mexico City, 14th December 1954, having had issue, four daughters.

2a. Doña María de la Concepción Dolores Matea Luisa Gonzaga Ignacia de los Sagrados Corazones de Jesús y María de Icaza y Camacho. b. at Mexico City, 16th September 1883. She d. young.

ii. Don Francisco Javier de Icaza y Landa. b. at Mexico City, 6th March and d. 7th March 1859.

iii. Don Francisco Javier Inés Anselmo Guadalupe Federico Tomás de Aquino Juan de Dios Domingo Fausto Francisco de Paula Agustín Eduviges Matias Pascual Luz Ignacio Juan Francisco Regis del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús de Icaza y Landa. b. at Mexico City, 20th April 1860. Deputy for Durango in the Mexican Congress 1910-1912, Mayor of Mexico City, Dir National Bank in Durango, Banking Mngr and Bank Works Real Estate Mngr, Adviser to the Central Bank, the Loan Fund for Irrigation & Agricultural Development SA, and the Company Carboniferous of San Blas SA, Dir La Aurora SA, Counsellor to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Light & Power Co, Pachuca Mining Co, and Cunhard Shoe Co. m. at Durango, 8th January 1892, Doña María de los Dolores Trinidad López de Negrete y Salcido (b. at Durango, 15th October 1874; d. at Mexico City, 6th August 1948), daughter of Don Ladislao de la Concepción Joaquín López de Negrete y Porras, of Durango, by his wife, Doña María Petra Salcido y Avilés. He d. at Mexico City, 22nd May 1934 (bur. there in the crypt of Mexico City Cathedral), having had issue, three sons and three daughters:

1a. Don Xavier de Icaza y Lopez de Negrete. b. at Durango, 2nd October 1892, educ. National Preparatory Sch and Excuela Libre de Derecho (LLB 1917). Attorney at Law, Professor of Law & Literature at Veracruz Univ, Professor of History & Literature UNAM, Deputy for El Aguila in the Veracruz state assembly 1922, Justice of the Supreme Court 1935-1940, Dir Sch of Labour Law 1939, Dir Workers' Univ. m. Doña Ana Guido (b. 9th April 1904; d. at Mexico City, 18th March 1990). He d. at Mexico City, 1969, having had issue, an only daughter.

3a. Don Juan de Icaza y Lopez de Negrete. b. at Mexico City, 16th May 1902. m. Sadie Mae Conrey. He d. 19th June 1967, having had issue, two sons and two daughters.

1a. Doña Dolores de Icaza y Lopez de Negrete. m. Ventura Martínez-del-Río y Bermejillo (d. 19th January 1954). She d. 27th June 1962, having had issue, two sons and one daughter.

2a. Doña María de Lourdes de Icaza y Lopez de Negrete. m. Eustaquio Martínez-del-Río. She had issue, one son and one daughter.

3a. Doña María de Guadalupe de Icaza y Lopez de Negrete. b. at Mexico City, 25th May 1910. m. Joaquín Arregunaga. She d. 21st May 1975, having had issue, one son and one daughter.

iv. Don Rafael María de Guadalupe Eduviges Ignacio de Loyola Luis Gonzaga Juan Francisco Regis Domingo de Guzmán Trinidad Francisco de Paula Manuel del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Fausto Federico Vicente Ferrer Isidro Antonio de Icaza y Landa. b. at Mexico City, 24th October 1863. Accountant in the State Treasury, Paymaster Interior Dept, Inspector-Gen of Bank and Real Estate Works. m. at the Templo de la Encarnación, Mexico City, 19th October 1889, Doña Manuela Mayora y Carpio (b. at Mexico City, before 4th February 1868), daughter of... Mayora, by Guadalupe Carpio y Berruecos, daughter of Manuel Carpio y Hernández. He had issue, seven children, including one son and three daughters who survived infancy:

1a. Doña María Manuela de Icaza y Mayora. m. Néstor Fuentes. She had issue, three sons and three daughters.

3a. Doña María de la Concepción de Icaza y Mayora. m. as his first wife, Don Juan de Icaza y Camacho (b. at Mexico City, 1st July 1889; m. second, Doña Rosario Martínez, and d. at Mexico City, 17th November 1953, bur. there at the Panteón Francés), younger son of her paternal uncle, Don José Ignacio de Icaza y Landa, by his wife, Doña Valentina María Guadalupe Camacho y Pizarro, youngest daughter of Don Sebastián Camacho y Zulueta. She had issue, one son.

3. Doña María Eduwigis Sánchez de Manzanera é Itúrbide. b. at Santiaguillo, Canatlan, Durango, 1804. m. Don Nicolás Coronel. She d.s.p.

4. Doña María Remigia de Manzanera é Itúrbide. m. at San Diego De Alcala, Canatlan, Durango, 25th May 1823, Don Manuel Manzanera.

5. Doña María Isidra de Manzanera é Itúrbide. m. Don Rafael Castañeda. She d.s.p.

6. Doña María Perfecta de Manzanera é Itúrbide. b. at Cacaria, Canatlan, Durango, 1810. m. (div. 1849) Don Francisco Lopez de Zubiría y Escalante [El Diablo] (b. at Arizpe, 1798; m. second, Petra Riopedre, by whom he had one son), brother of the José Antonio Laureano de Zubiría y Escalante, Archbishop of Durango, and youngest son of Don Martín de Zubiría y Albisu, by his wife, Doña María Gerónima Escalante y Corella. She had issue:

c. Don Santiago Lopez de Zubiría é Manzanera. b. 29th November 1834. Ordained as a priest 1858, Archbishop of Durango 1895-1909. He d. unm. at Durango, 25th January 1909.

a. Doña Petra Lopez de Zubiría é Manzanera. m. Licenciado Don Tomás Chávez.

i. Doña Valentina Lopez de Zubiría é Manzanera. m. Licenciado Don Manuel Ríos.

(iv) Doña María Ana Ignacia de Itúrbide é Arámburo. bap. at Vallodolid, Michoacán, 3rd August 1788 (bap 4th August). She d. young.

(b) Doña Angela Itúrbide é Arreguí. b. at Peralta, ca 1740. m. at Peralta, 6th November 1757, Don Domingo Malo y Marcilla (bap. at Villafranca, 29th May 1735), younger son of Don Domingo Fermin Malo y Ydalgo, of Villafranca, by his wife, Doña Polonia Marcilla y Lissarri, daughter of Don Marcos Marcilla y Azcona. She d. at Villafranca, 27th October 1797, having had issue, five sons and three daughters:

(i) Don Antonio María Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Peralta, 29th March 1761. m. (first) at Villafranca, 20th March 1791, Doña Raphaela Urzainqui y Diez, daughter of Don Domingo Urzainqui y Esparz, by his wife, Doña Manuela Diez de Olloqui. m. (second) at Villafranca, 14th November 1814, Doña Maria Bienzobas y Garcia, a widow, daughter of Don Nicolas Bienzobas y de Torres, by his wife, Doña Antonia Garcia y de Aro. He had issue, four sons and three daughters by his first wife.

(ii) Brigadier The Most Excellent Señor Don Domingo Hermenegildo Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Peralta, 16th April 1764. Adjutant to Emperor Agustín. Rcvd: KGC of the Order of Guadalupe (1822). m. Doña Maria Francisca Ortiz. He had issue.

(iii) Don Juan de la Cruz Joseph Xavier Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Villafranca, 26th November 1766. m. (first) at Villafranca, 21st May 1792, Doña Maria Peralta y Mañas, daughter of Don Pedro Peralta y Muñoz, by his wife, Doña Maria de Mañas y Segura. m. (second) at Villafranca, 4th November 1794, Doña Gregoria Robres y Germauta, daughter of Babil Robres, master surveyor, of Mendavia, by his wife, Gregoria Germauta. He had issue, one son and one daughter by each wife.

(iv) Don Felipe Santiago Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Villafranca, 1st May 1771. m. at Villafranca, 1st May 1815, Doña Angela Peralta y Bartholome-Ros, daughter of Andres Peralta, by his wife, Antonia Bartholome-Ros. He d. 6th August 1833, having had issue, one son and one daughter.

(v) Don Placido María Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Villafranca, 5th October 1777.

(ii) Doña Felipa María Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Villafranca, 26th May 1773.

(iii) Doña Josepha Florentina Malo é Iturbide. bap. at Villafranca, 15th March 1780. m. at Villafranca, 30th June 1803, Don Josef Aniceto Arrondo y Frago (bap. at Villafranca, 20th March 1781; d. there, 4th July 1826), eldest son of Don Roque Arrondo y Segura, by his first wife, Doña Josefa Frago y Perez, daughter of Don Joseph Frago y Zinita. She d. at Villafranca, 20th March 1848, having had issue, five sons and two daughters.

a) Doña Isabel de Itúrbide é Mendiondo. b. at Falces, Navarre, 24th June 1664. m. as his second wife, Joseph Yrigoyen y Los Arcos (b. at Falces, Navarre, 30th March 1659; d. at Traibuenas, 15th September 1715), son of Carlos Yrigoyen y Latasa, by his wife, Ana Los Arcos y Zala, daughter of Juan Los Arcos. She d. at Traibuenas, 6th December 1712, having had issue, four daughters.

1821 - 1823 H.M. Don Agustín I, by Divine Providence and by the Congress of the Nation, Constitutional Emperor of Mexico. b. at Valladolid, Michoacán, 27th September 1783, as Don Agustín Cosme Damiàn de Iturbide é Arámburo, fourth son of H.H. Don José Joaquín de Itúrbide é Arreguí, Prince of the Union, by his second wife, Doña María Josefa de Arámburo é Carrillo de Figueroa, daughter of Don Sebastiàn de Aràmburo é Urisibar, of Oyarzùn, Guipuzcoa, educ. Coll of San Nicolas, Valladolid, and the Royal Acad for Officers, Chapultepec, Mexico City. Cmsnd into the Royal Spanish Army as as Ensign Vallodolid Provincial Regt of Infantry 16/10/1797, prom Lieut 29/10/1806, prom Capt of Fusiliers 17/11/1810, brevet Lieut-Col 6/6/1812, prom Col 1813, cdt of the Celaya Provincial Regt of Infantry 1813-1814, 2nd IC Army of the North 1814-1815, joint cdt of the Royalist forces 1815-1816, retd 1816, restored to rank as Col 1820, Supreme cdr of the Army of the South 1820-1821. Proclaimed the independence of Mexico 14th February 1821 and drew up the Constitution of Mexico (the Plan of Iguala). First C-in-C of the Ejército Trigarante (army of the three guarantees: independence, unity and religion) 1821-1822. Concluded the Treaty of Córdoba, with the then Spanish Captaain-General Don Juan O'Donojú O'Rian on 24th August 1821 which ostensibly recognised the independence of Mexico. He entered Mexico City at the head of the Ejército Trigarante 27th September 1821, proclaimed the full independence of the Empire of Mexico and established a junta with himself as First Regent and President of the Council of Regency. Appointed by the junta as Generalissimo of the forces and Admiral with the style of His Serene Highness. Proclaimed by Divine Providence and by the Congress of the Nation, First Constitutional Emperor of Mexico, 18th May 1822, under the name of Agustín I. Took the oath to the constitution, 21st May 1822. Crowned with his wife at the Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City, 21st July 1822. Founder and Sovereign of the Imperial Order of Guadalupe. Abdicated 19th March 1823 and went into exile in Europe. Returned a year later and attempted to regain the throne but was arrested and shot. m. at the Cathedral of the Divine Savioir, Valladolid, Michoacán, 27th February 1805, H.M. Empress Doña Ana María (b. at Valladolid, Mexico, 17th January 1786; d. at Philadelphia, USA, 21st March 1861, bur. there at the Church of St John the Evangelist), Crowned with her husband at the Cathedral of Mexico City, 21st July 1822, née Doña Ana María Josefa Ramona Huarte y Muñiz, daughter of The Most Excellent Senor Don Isidro Huarte y Arrivillaga, of Morelia, Michoacán, by his second wife, Doña Ana Manuela Josefa Muñiz y Sanchez de Tagle, daughter of Manuel Muñiz, of Victoria, Durango, by his wife, Doña Isabel Sánchez de Tagle y Veydacar of the family of the Marques de Altamira. He was k. at Padilla, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 19th July 1824 (bur. firstly at Padilla re-interred at Mexico City Cathedral, 28th October 1838), having had issue, six sons and five daughters:

1) H.I.H. The Most Excellent Señor Don Agustín Jerõnimo José de Iturbide é Huarte, Prince Imperial of Mexico. b. at Valladolid, Mexico, 30th September 1807, educ. Ampleforth, Yorks. Granted the title of Prince Imperial of Mexico with the style of His Imperial Highness, 22nd June 1822. Fought with Simon Bolivar in the Colombia in the war of independence and at the Battle of Ayacucho 9th December 1824, returned to Mexico in 1831 then served at the Mexican legation in London, and as a volunteer in the Pontifical Army. Rcvd: GC of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe (13.8.1822, restored 19.11.1853). He d. unm. at New York, USA, 11th December 1866 (bur. there at the Church of St John the Evangelist)*.

2) H.H. Prince Don Ángel María José Ignacio Francisco de Xavier de Yturbide é Huarte. b. at Querétaro, 2nd October 1816, educ. the Jesuit Coll, Georgetown Univ, Washington, USA . Granted the title of Mexican Prince with the style of His Highness, 22nd June 1822. Attache Mexican Legation in Washington DC 1862-1863. Abdicated his rights in favour of his only son, 13th September 1865. Rcvd: GC of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe (13.8.1822). m. at Rosedale, Georgetown, DC, USA, 1862, Doña Alicia de Yturbide Grin (d. at Mexico City, 28th January 1892), née Alice Green, rcvd: GC of the Imperial Order of St Charles (1865), daughter of Captain John Nathaniel Green, of Rosedale, late US Army, and his wife, Ann [Nancy] Forrest Green, daughter of Major-General Uriah Forrest, of Georgetown, DC, by his wife, Rebecca, eldest daughter of The Hon George Plater, of Sotterley, St Mary's Co, Maryland, sometime Governor of Maryland. He d. at Mexico City, 28th January 1872 (bur. there in the Panteón del Tepeyac), having had issue, an only son:

3) H.H. Prince Don María de Jesus de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at Mexico City, 22nd February 1818. Granted the title of Mexican Prince with the style of His Highness by the Mexican Congress, 22nd June 1822. Rcvd: GC of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe (13.8.1822). He d. unm. at Philadelphia, USA, 10th July 1849 (bur. there at the Church of St John the Evangelist).

4) H.H. Prince Don Salvador María de Yturbide é Huarte. b. at the Palacio Moncada, Mexico City, 17th July 1820, educ. Coll St Barbe, Paris, France, and in Vienna, Austria. Sec Mexican Legation in Washington DC 1849. Granted the title of Mexican Prince with the style of His Highness by the Mexican Congress, 22nd June 1822. Rcvd: GC of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe (13.8.1822). m. 1848, Doña María del Rosario Felipa de Jesús Marzán y Guisasola (b. at Mexico City, before 6th February 1823; d. March 1859), daughter of Don José Marzán y Garnasín, by his wife, Doña Petronila Guisasola. He d. (drowned) in a boating accident on the Tepic river, Nayarit, 7th June 1856, having had issue, one son:

a) H.H. Prince Don Salvador Agustín Francisco de Paula de Iturbide é Marzán. b. at Mexico City, 18th September 1849, educ. Mount St Mary's Coll, Emmitsburg, Maryland, USA, and Coll St Barbe, Paris, France. Adopted by Emperor Maximilien I and granted the title of Prince de Iturbide with the style of His Highness, 1st September 1865. Enlisted as a volunteer in the Papal Dragoons 1868, and served in the War against Garibaldi and the Risorgimento. Settled in Venice after the defeat of the Papal forces in 1870. Received a pension from Emperor Franz Joseph in recognition of his position as the adopted son of Emperor Maximilian. m. at Mikos Castle, Mikosd, Hungary, 21st June 1871, H.H. Princess Doña Gizella María Terezia de Iturbide (b. at Széplak, Hungary, 1st February 1846; m. second, at Paddington, London, 4th August 1900, Emil Jenison, Count von Walworth, who d. at Nice, France, 10th January 1910; and d. at a nursing home in Graz, Austria, 1st April 1921), daughter of Baron Eduard Johann Nepomuk Mikos de Tarrõdhàza, by his wife, Therese María Antonia Gludovàcz, Edler Frau de Petõhàz. He d. suddenly from a ruptured appendix, at Ajaccio, Corsica, 26th February 1895 (bur. Cemetery of San Michele, Venice), having had issue, three daughters:

i) H.H. Princess Doña María Josefa Sophia de Iturbide é Mikos de Tarrõdhàza. b. at Mikosd, Hungary 29th February 1872. m. (first) at Beszterce, 12th March 1908, Captain Baron Johann Nepomuk Adolf Ferdinand Josef Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt. (b. at Köszeg, Hungary, 12th July 1872; k-i-a at Onuth, Bukovina, 10th May 1915), Austro-Hungarian Cavalry, son of Baron Eduard Ferdinand Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt, by his wife, Anna Wilhelmina, daughter of Count Kustosch von Zubri und Lipka. m. (second) at Beszterce, Hungary, 14th April 1823, Charles de Carriere (b. at Paris, France, 24th November 1875; d. at Dévabànya internment camp, Rumania, November 1949), son of Charles de Carriere. She d. at Dévabànya internment camp, Rumania, November 1949, having had issue, two daughters:

(1) Baroness María Anna Wilhelmina Adolphina Tunkl Yturbide, née Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt. b. at Temesvàr, Hungary, 4th August 1909 (d/o Baron Eduard Tunkl). Adopted the surname of Tunkl Yturbide in 1938.

(2) Baroness María Gizela Josefa Izabela Tunkl Yturbide. b. at Temesvàr, Hungary, 2nd October 1912 (d/o Baron Eduard Tunkl). She changed her name to Tunkl Iturbide. m. (first) at Beszterce, 8th June 1940, Count María Gustav Adolf Egon von Götzen (b. at Grusbach, Moravia, 25th September 1904; d. at Caracas, Venezuela, 11th May 1956), eldest son of Major Count Hubert Friedrich Wilhelm von Götzen, 9th Hussars, Austro-Hungarian Service, Imperial and Royal Chamberlain, by his wife, Countess Emanuela Anna María Karoline, daughter of Major Eduard, Count Khuen von Belasi, of Gandegg, Gmde St Michael, in Eppan. m. (second) at Montevideo, Uruguay, 15th August 1959, Ottavio Stefano della Porta (b. at Gran, 14th November 1890; d. at Montevideo, Uruguay, 24th February 1971), banker and accountant. She d. at Sydney, Australia, 27th January 1981, having had issue, one son and one daughter (granted recognition of the name Götzen-Yturbide by the Hungarian Ministry of the Interior in 1944):

(a) Count Maximiliano Gustav Richard Albrecht Agustin Götzen-Yturbide. b. at Beszterce, Hungary, 2nd March 1944 (s/o Count von Götzen). m. at Melbourne, Australia, 22nd September 1990, Anna Rosa María Helena (b. at Sydney, Australia, 16th October 1966), daughter of Johann Karl von Francheschi, by his wife, María Martha, née Kukuljevic-Bassani de Sacci. He has issue, one son and one daughter:

(i) Count Ferdinand Leopold Maximilian Gustav Salvador Götzen-Yturbide. b. at Perth, Western Australia, 26th August 1992.

(i) Countess Emanuella Isabella Charlotte Helena von Götzen-Yturbide. b. at London, 9th September 1997.

(b) Countess Emanuela (Emma) Huberta Johanna María Gizela Götzen-Yturbide. b. at Beszterce, Hungary, 12th September 1945 (d/o Count von Götzen). m. at Perth, Western Australia, 19th October 1968 (div. there, November 1999), Patrick Francis Philip MacAulay (b. at Bombay, India, 20th July 1936), son of Philip MacAulay, by his wife, Mary, née O'Connor. She had issue, five sons and two daughters:

ii) H.H. Princess Doña María Gizela Anna de Iturbide é Mikos de Tarrõdhàza. b. at Mikosd, Hungary, 10th June 1874. She d. Szombathely, Hungary, 14th February 1875.

iii) H.H. Princess Doña María Terezia de Iturbide é Mikos de Tarrõdhàza. b. at Gyulafehérvàr, Hungary, 26th February 1876. Served in the Great War as a volunteer nurse with the Red Cross in Eastern Europe 1914-1915. m. at Beszterce, Hungary, 1893, Lajos Zoltàn Lékai Török de Aranyos-Rákos et Kadicsfalva (b. at Székelyudvarhely, Hungary, 1869; k. in a hunting accident at Pancsova 1904). She d. from cholera at Novodwor, Galicia, 7th August 1915.

5) H.H. Prince Don Felipe Andrés María Guadalupe de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at the Palacio Moncada, Mexico City, 30th November 1822. He d. unm. from typhoid fever at Matamoros, Tamaulipas, 19th November 1853.

6) Lieutenant-Colonel H.H. Prince Don Agustín Cosme de Iturbide é Huarte. b. posthumously, at New Orleans, USA, October 1824, educ. Mexican Military Acad, Chapultepec. Cmsnd as Ensign in the Mexcan Army, prom Capt 1844, served in the War of the American Invasion of Mexico 1846-1848, present at the battles of Monterrey, Buenavista, Cerro Gordo, and Chapultepec, Maj and sqd cdr in 1853, ADC to President Santa Ana 1854-1855, retd as Lt-Col. Settled in Paris in December 1865. Rcvd: Angostura (1847), Chapultepec (1847) and Defence of the Northern Frontier (1853) medals. He d. unm. at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 10th May 1873 (bur. Neuilly Cemetery).

1) H.H. Princess Doña Sabina María de la Concepción de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at Mexico City, 30th December 1810. Granted the title of Mexican Princess with the style of Her Highness, 22nd June 1822. Settled in Paris in December 1865. She d. unm. at Philadelphia, USA, 15th July1871 (bur. there at the Church of St John the Evangelist).

2) H.H. Princess Doña Juana de Dios María Francisca Ramona Ignacia de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at Mexico City, 10th March 1812. Granted the title of Mexican Princess with the style of Her Highness, 22nd June 1822. Professed a nun on her deathbed, taking the name of Sister Margarita of Jesus, Mary and Joseph. She d. unm. at the Visitation Convent, Georgetown, Washington DC, USA, 2nd October 1828. (bur. there).

3) H.H. Princess Doña Josefa de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at Irapuato, Guanajuato, 22nd December 1814. Granted the title of Mexican Princess with the style of Her Highness, 22nd June 1822 and recognised as Princess de Iturbide by Emperor Maximilian I, 13th September 1865. Guardian to her nephew H.H. Prince Don Agustin. Rcvd: GC of the Imperial Order of San Carlos (16.9.1865). She d. unm. at the Hotel Comonfort, Mexico City, 5th December 1891.

4) H.H. Princess Doña María de Jesus de las Angustias Juana Nepomuceno de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at Mexico City, 21st February 1818. Granted the title of Mexican Princess with the style of Her Highness, 22nd June 1822. She d. unm. at Philadelphia, USA, 10th July 1849 (bur. there at the Church of St John the Evangelist).

5) Doña María de los Dolores de Iturbide é Huarte. b. at Mexico City, before July 1819. She d. at Mexico City, 10th July 1820 (bur. there at the Cemetery of San Lazaro).

Maximilian I of Mexico (6 July 1832 - 19 June 1867; born Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph of Austria) was a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg-Lorraine. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico, during the Second Mexican Empire, with the backing of Napoleon III of France and a group of Mexican Monarchists on 10 April 1864. Many foreign governments refused to recognize his government, including the United States. This helped to ensure the success of Republican forces led by Benito Juarez, and Maximilian was executed, after capture by Republicans, in 1867.

H.I.M. Empress Doña María Carlota Amalia Augusta Victoria Clementina Leopoldina, (b. at the Palace of Laeken, Belgium, 7th June 1840; d.s.p. at Château de Bouchout, near Laeken, Belgium, 19th January 1927), née H.R.H. Princess Marie Charlotte Amélie Auguste Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine, Princess of Belgium, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony, Crowned with her husband at the Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City, 10th June 1864, Grand Mistress of the Imperial Order of San Carlos for ladies from 1st January 1865, rcvd: Dame of the Orders of the Starry Cross of Austria, and Maria Luisa of Spain, and GC of the SMO of Malta, only daughter of H.M. Léopold I, King of the Belgians, KG, GCB, GCH, by his second wife, H.M. Queen Louise Marie, eldest daughter of H.M. Louis Philippe I, King of the French, KG. He was k. (s.p.) by the revolutionaries on the orders of Benito Juarez at Cerro de las Campanas (the Hill of the Bells), Querétaro, 19th June 1867 (bur. Hapsburg Imperial Crypt, Church of the Capuchins Vienna), having adopted the two grandson of Emperor Don Agustín I.