Kingdom of Saxony
Königreich Sachsen
The
Kingdom of Saxony (German: Königreich Sachsen), lasting between
1806 and 1918, was an independent member of a number
of historical
confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. From
1871 it was part of the German
Empire. It became a Free state in
the era of Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and
the abdication
of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. Its capital
was the city of Dresden, and its modern successor state is the
Free
State of Saxony.
Before
1806 Saxony was part of the Holy Roman Empire, a thousand-year-old entity which had once aspired to be a single state, but
had become highly decentralised over the centuries. The rulers of Electorate of Saxony had held the title of elector
for several centuries. When the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved following the defeat of Emperor Francis II by Napoleon
at the Battle of Austerlitz, the electorate was raised to the status of an independent kingdom with the support of France,
then the dominant power in Central Europe. The last elector of Saxony became King Frederick Augustus I.
Following
the defeat of Saxony's ally Prussia at the Battle of Jena in 1806, Saxony joined the Confederation of the Rhine, and
remained within the Confederation until its dissolution in 1813 with Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig.
Following the battle, in which Saxony - virtually alone of the German states - had fought alongside the French, King
Frederick Augustus I was deserted by his troops, taken prisoner by the Prussians and considered to have forfeited his
throne by the allies, who put Saxony under Russian occupation and administration. This was probably more due to the Prussian
desire to annex Saxony than to any crime on Frederick Augustus's part, and the fate of Saxony would prove to be one
of the main issues at the Congress of Vienna. In the end, 40% of the Kingdom, including the historically significant Wittenberg,
home of the Protestant Reformation, was annexed by Prussia, but Frederick Augustus was restored to the throne in the
remainder of his kingdom, which still included the major cities of Dresden and Leipzig. The Kingdom also joined the
German Confederation, the new organization of the German states to replace the Holy Roman Empire.
During
the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, Saxony sided with Austria, and the Saxon army was generally seen as the only ally to bring substantial
aid to the Austrian cause, having abandoned the defense of Saxony itself to join up with the Austrian army in Bohemia. This
effectiveness probably allowed Saxony to escape the fate of other north German states which allied with Austria (notably the
Kingdom of Hanover), which were annexed by Prussia after the war. The Austrians insisted as a point of honour that Saxony
must be spared, and the Prussians acquiesced. Saxony nevertheless joined the Prussian-led North German Confederation the next year.
With Prussia's victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, the members of the Confederation were organised
by Otto von Bismarck into the German Empire, with Wilhelm I as its Emperor. John I, as Saxony's incumbent king, was subordinate
and owed allegiance to the Emperor, although he, like the other German princes, retained some of the prerogatives of
a sovereign ruler, including the ability to enter into diplomatic relations with other states.
Wilhelm I's grandson Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated in 1918 as a result of Germany's defeat in the First World War.
King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony followed him into abdication and the erstwhile Kingdom of Saxony became the Free State
of Saxony within the newly-formed Weimar Republic, thus ceasing a somewhat brief history as a kingdom.
Rulers
of The Kingdom of Saxony
Kings
of Saxony - House of Wettin
* Frederick Augustus I...............1806-1827
* Anthony Clement......................1827-1836
* Frederick Augustus II...............1836-1854
* John..........................................1854-1873
* Albert........................................1873-1902
* George......................................1902-1904
* Frederick Augustus III..............1904-1918
The Royal Family Titles and Styles
The members of this family bear the titles Prince or Princess and Duke or Duchess of Saxony toghter with the formal
appellation of His or Her Royal Highness.
The Genealogy of The Royal House of Saxony
FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Leopold Johann Georg Franz Xaver, Elector of Saxony 5 Oct 1763 (Dresden 5 Sep 1722-Dresden 17
Dec 1763); m.by proxy at Munich 13 Jun 1747 and in person at Dresden 20 Jun 1747 Maria Antonia Pss of Bavaria (Schloß
Nymphenburg 18 Jul 1724-Dresden 23 Apr 1780)
1a) FRIEDRICH AUGUST III Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xaver, Elector of Saxony, King FRIEDRICH AUGUST
I of Saxony 11 Dec 1806 (Dresden 23 Dec 1750-Dresden 5 May 1827); m.by proxy at Mannheim 17 Jan 1769 and in person at Dresden
29 Jan 1769 Amalie Pfgfn von Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Mannheim 10 May 1752-Dresden 15 Nov 1828)
1b) Maria Augusta Nepomucena Antonia Franziska
Xaveria Aloysia (Dresden 21 Jun 1782-Dresden 14 Mar 1863)
2a) Karl Maximilian Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys
Franz Xaver Januar (Dresden 24 Sep 1752-Dresden 8 Sep 1781)
3a) Joseph Maria Ludwig Johann Nepomuck Aloys Gonzaga
Franz Xaver Januar Anton de Padua Polycarp (Dresden 26 Jan 1754-Dresden 25 Mar 1763)
4a) ANTON Clemens Theodor Maria Joseph Johann Evangelista Johann Nepomuk Franz Xaver Aloys Januar, King of Saxony
(Dresden 27 Dec 1755-Pillnitz 6 Jun 1836); m.1st by proxy at Turin 29 Sep 1781 and in person at Dresden 24 Oct 1781 Maria
Carolina Antonietta Adelaide Pss of Savoy (Turin 17 Jan 1764-Dresden 28 Dec 1782); m.2d by proxy at Florence 8 Sep 1787 and
in person at Dresden 18 Oct 1787 Therese, Archdss of Austria (Florence 14 Jan 1767-Leipzig 7 Nov 1827)
1b) Maria Ludovica Auguste Friederike Therese
Franziska Johanna Aloysia Nepomucena Ignatia Anna Josepha Xaveria Franziska de Paula Barbara (Dresden 14 Mar 1795-Dresden
25 Apr 1796)
2b) Friedrich August (b.and d.Dresden 5 Apr 1796)
3b) Maria Johanna Ludovica Anna Amalia
Nepomucena Aloysia Ignatia Xaveria Josepha Franziska de Chantal Eva Apollonia Magdalena Crescentia Vincentia (Dresden 5 Apr
1798-Dresden 30 Oct 1799)
4b) Maria Theresia (b.and d.Dresden 15 Oct 1799)
5a) Maria Amalia Anna
Josepha Antonia Justina Augustina Xaveria Aloysia Johanna Nepomucena Magdalena Walburga Katharina (Dresden 26 Sep 1757-Neuburg
20 Apr 1831); m.Dresden 12 Feb 1774 Karl III, Duke von Zweibrücken (Düsseldorf 29 Oct 1746-Mannheim 1 Apr 1795)
6a) Maximilian Maria Joseph Anton Johann Baptist Johann Evangelista Ignaz Augustin Xaver Aloys Johann Nepomuk Januar
Hermenegild Agnellis Paschalis, renounced his rights to the throne 1 Sep 1830 (Dresden 13 Apr 1759-Dresden 3 Jan 1838); m.1st
by proxy at Parma 22 Apr 1792 and in person at Dresden 9 May 1792 Carolina Pss of Bourbon-Parma (Parma 22 Nov 1770-Dresden
1 Mar 1804); m.2d by proxy at Lucca 15 Oct 1825 and in person at Dresden 7 Nov 1825 Maria Luisa Pss of Bourbon-Parma (Barcelona
2 Oct 1802-Rome 18 Mar 1857)
1b) Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena
Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal (Dresden 10 Aug 1794-Pillnitz 18 Sep 1870)
2b) Maria
Ferdinanda Amalia Xaveria Theresia Josepha Anna Nepomucena Aloysia Johanna Vincentia Ignatia Dominica Franziska de Paula Franziska
de Chantal (Dresden 27 Apr 1796-Schloß Brandeis 3 Jan 1865); m.Florence 6 May 1821 Ferdinando III Grand Duke of Tuscany,
Archduke of Austria (Florence 6 May 1769-Florence 18 Jun 1824)
3b) FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Albert Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter
Xaver Franz de Paula Venantius Felix, King of Saxony (Dresden 18 May 1797-Brennbüchel 9 Aug 1854); m.1st by proxy at
Vienna 26 Sep 1819 and in person at Dresden 7 Oct 1819 Caroline, Archdss of Austria (Vienna 8 Apr 1801-Dresden 22 May 1832);
m.2d Dresden 24 Apr 1833 Marie Pss of Bavaria (Munich 27 Jan 1805-Wachwitz 13 Sep 1877)
4b) Clemens Maria Joseph
Nepomuk Aloys Vincenz Xaver Franz de Paula Franz de Valois Joachim Benno Philipp Jakob (Dresden 1 May 1798-Pisa 4 Jan 1822)
5b) Maria Anna Carolina Josepha Vincentia Xaveria Nepomucena Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal Johanna Antonia
Elisabeth Cunigunde Gertrud Leopoldina (Dresden 15 Nov 1799-Pisa 24 Mar 1832; m.by proxy at Dresden 28 Oct 1817 and in person
at Florence 16 Nov 1817 Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria (Florence 3 Oct 1797-Rome 30 Jan 1870)
6b) JOHANN Nepomuk Maria Joseph Anton Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus,
King of Saxony (Dresden 12 Dec 1801-Pillnitz 29 Oct 1873; m.by proxy at Munich 10 Nov 1822 and in person at Dresden 21 Nov
1822 Amalie Pss of Bavaria (Munich 13 Nov 1801-Dresden 8 Nov 1877)
1c) Maria Auguste Friederike Karoline
Ludovike Amalie Maximiliane Franziska Nepomucena Xaveria (Dresden 22 Jan 1827-Dresden 8 Oct 1857)
2c)
Friedrich August ALBERT Anton Ferdinand Joseph Karl Maria Baptist Nepomuk Wilhelm Xaver Georg Fidelis, King of Saxony (Dresden
23 Apr 1828-Schloß Sibyllenort 19 Jun 1902); m.Dresden 18 Jun 1853 Pss Carola Vasa (Schönbrunn 5 Aug 1833-Dresden
15 Dec 1907)
3c) Maria Elisabeth Maximiliana Ludovika Amalie Franziska Sophia Leopoldine Anna Baptista Xaveria
Nepomucena (Dresden 4 Feb 1830-Stresa 14 Aug 1912); m.1st Dresden 22 Apr 1850 Ferdinando Pr of Savoy, Duke of Genoa (Florence
15 Nov 1822-Turin 10 Feb 1855); m.2d Aglié 4 Oct 1856 Niccolo Marchese Rapallo (Cagliari 6 Jul 1825-Turin 27 Nov 1882)
4c) Friedrich August Ernst Ferdinand Wilhelm Ludwig Anton Nepomuk Maria Baptist Xaver Vincenz (Dresden 5 Apr 1831-Weesenstein
12 May 1847)
5c)
Friedrich August GEORG Ludwig Wilhelm Maximilian Karl Maria Nepomuk Baptist Xaver Cyriacus Romanus, King of Saxony (Pillnitz
8 Aug 1832-Pillnitz 15 Oct 1904); m.Lisbon 11 May 1859 Maria Anna Infanta of Portugal (Lisbon 21 Jul 1843-Dresden 5 Feb 1884)
1d) Marie Johanna Amalie Ferdinande Antonie
Luise Juliane (Dresden 19 Jun 1860-Dresden 2 Mar 1861)
2d) Elisabeth Albertine Karoline Sidonie Ferdinande Leopoldine
Antonie Auguste Clementine (Dresden 14 Feb 1862-Dresden 18 May 1863)
3d) Mathilde Marie Auguste Viktorie Leopoldine
Karoline Luise Franziska Josepha (Dresden 19 Mar 1863-Dresden 27 Mar 1933)
4d) FRIEDRICH AUGUST III Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp, King of Saxony, renounced the throne 13 Nov 1918
(Dresden 25 May 1865-Sibyllenort 18 Feb 1932); m.Vienna 21 Nov 1891 (div 1903) Luisa Archdss of Austria (Salzburg 2 Sep 1870-Ixelles
23 Mar 1947)
1e)
Friedrich August Georg Ferdinand Albert Karl Anton Paul Marcellus, Crown Pr of Saxony, renounced his rights 1923 (Dresden
15 Jan 1893-Groß-Glienicke 14 May 1943)
2e)
FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Albert Leopold Anno Sylvester Makarius, Margrave of Meißen (Dresden 31 Dec 1893-Samedan 9 Aug 1968);
m.Regensburg 16 Jun 1923 Elisabeth Helene Pss von Thurn und Taxis (Regensburg 15 Dec 1903-Munich 22 Oct 1976)
1f) MARIA EMANUEL, Margrave of Meißen (b.Prüfening 31 Jan 1926); m.(civ) La Tour de Peilz 22 Jun 1962
(rel) Vevey 31 Jan 1963 Anastasia Pss of Anhalt (b.Regensburg 22 Dec 1940)
2f) Maria Josepha (b.Bad Wörishofen
20 Sep 1928)
3f) Maria Anna Josepha (b.Bad Wörishofen 13 Dec 1929); m.Paris 1 May 1953 Robert de Afif (Mexico
City 30 Nov 1916-Mexico City 13 Dec 1978)
1g)
Alexander de Afif "Prinz von Sachsen-Gessaphe"; he has been named by the Margrave of Meißen as his heir (b.Munich
12 Feb 1954); m.Mexico City 3 Apr 1987 (rel) Andechs 29 Aug 1987 Gisela Pss of Bavaria (b.Leutstetten 10 Sep 1964)
1h) Georg-Philipp Antonius Afif Pr von Sachsen-Gessaphe (b.Mexico City 24 May 1988)
2h) Mauricio-Gabriel
Roberto Afif Pr von Sachsen-Gessaphe (b.Mexico City 14 Sep 1989)
3h) Paul Clemens Afif Pr von Sachsen-Gessaphe
(b.Mexico City 23 Mar 1993)
4h) Maria Teresita Anna Louis Caroline Lucardis Afif Pss von Sachsen-Gessaphe (b.Dresden
7 Jul 1999)
2g)
Friedrich Wilhelm de Afif "Prinz von Sachsen-Gessaphe" (b.Mexico City 5 Oct 1955)
3g) Karl August de
Afif "Prinz von Sachsen-Gessaphe" (b.Mexico City 1 Jan 1958); m.Munich (civ) 19 May 1994 (rel) 26 Nov 1994 Karen
Kurth (b.Berlin 19 Nov 1962)
1h) Maria Antonia Afif Pss von Sachsen-Gessaphe, b.Munich 7 Oct 1994
2h)
Maria Fernanda Desirée Afif Pss von Sachsen-Gessaphe, b.Munich 4 Jun 1999
4f) Albert Joseph Maria Franz-Xaver
(b.Bamberg 30 Nov 1934); m.(morganatically) Munich (civ) 10 Apr 1980 (rel) 12 Apr 1980 Elmira Henke (b.Lodz 25 Dec 1930)
5f) Mathilde Maria Josepha Anna Xaveria (b.Bamberg 17 Jan 1936); m.(civ) Munich 15 Oct 1968 (rel) Kloster Andechs
12 Nov 1968 (div 1993) Johannes Heinrich Pr of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Innsbruck 28 Mar 1931-14 Apr 2010)
3e) Ernst Heinrich Ferdinand Franz Joseph
Otto Maria Melchiades (Dresden 9 Dec 1896-Neckarhausen 14 Jun 1971); m.1st Schloß Hohenburg 12 Apr 1921 Sophie Pss of
Luxemburg and Nassau (Schloß Berg 14 Feb 1902-Munich 24 May 1941); m.2d (morganatically) Paris 28 Jun 1947 Virginia
Dulon (Frankfurt 17 Dec 1910-co Westmeath Jan 2002)
1f) Albrecht Friedrich August Johannes Gregor Dedo (Munich
9 May 1922-6 Dec 2009)
2f) Georg Timo Michael Nikolaus Maria (Munich 22 Dec 1923-Emden 22 Apr 1982); m.1st (morganatically) Mühlheim
an der Ruhr 7 Aug 1952 Margrit Lucas (Mühlheim 9 May 1932-Mühlheim 6 Jun 1957); m.2d (morganatically) Marburg an
der Lahn 5 Feb 1966 (div 1974) Charlotte Schwindack (b.Dresden 11 Mar 1919); m.3d (morganatically) Emden 26 Mar 1974 Erna
Eilts (Wolthusen bei Emden 23 Jul 1921-16 Feb 2010)
1g) Rüdiger Karl Ernst Timo Ali (b.Mühlheim 23
Dec 1953); m.1st Willich 14 Jun 1974 Astrid Linke (Halle an der Saale 5 Jun 1949-Nov 1989); m.2d Jan 2004 (div 2005) Diana
Dorndorf
1h) Daniel
Timo (b.Duisburg 23 Jun 1975); m.30 Jul 2011 Sandra Scherer
2h) Arne Benjamin (b.Duisburg 7 Mar 1977)
3h) Nils (b.Duisburg 6 Nov 1978); m.Moritzburg 8
Nov 2008 Jedida Taborek (b.Dresden 10 Oct 1975)
1i) Moritz Victor Ferdinand Anton (b.Dresden
21 Mar 2009)
2g)
Iris Hildegard Sophie Margrit Gisela (b.Mühlheim 21 Sep 1955); m.1st 21 Mar 1975 (div 1976) Hans Jürgen Hadam (Mühlheim
18 Oct 1950-Mühlheim 9 Jan 1977); m.2d (civ) Essen 20 May 1977 (rel) Mühlheim 22 Jul 1977 (div 1983) Wolfgang Graf
Deym von Stritetz (b.as Wolfgang König at Agram 10 Jan 1943; adopted by Leopold Gf Deym von Stritetz); m.3d Hachenburg
8 Aug 1988 (div 1989) Ulrich Schuhmacher (b.20 Jun 1953); m.4th Sonsbeck 11 Nov 1996 Wolfgang Siegfried Döhring (b.Salpia
6 Mar 1941)
1h) Xenia Florence Gabriela Sophie Iris
Princess of Saxony and Duchess of Saxony,
b.Düsseldorf 20
Aug 1986
2h) Xandra Barbara Desirée Emy Margrit
Princess of Saxony and Duchess of Saxony,
b.Hachenburg
15 Jan 1990
3f) Rupprecht Hubertus Gero Maria (Munich
12 Sep 1925-Picton, Ontario 10 Apr 2003)
4e) Maria (b.and d.Villa
Wachwitz 22 Aug 1898)
5e)
Margarete Karola Wilhelmine Viktoria Adelheid Albertine Petrusa Bertram Paula (Dresden 24 Jan 1900-Freiburg 16 Oct 1962);
m.Sibyllenort 2 Jun 1920 Friedrich Pr von Hohenzollern (Heiligendamm 30 Aug 1891-Krauchenwies 6 Feb 1965)
6e)
Maria Alix Luitpolda Anna Henriette Germana Agnes Damiana Michaela (Wachwitz 27 Sep 1901-Hechingen 11 Dec 1990); m.Sibyllenort
25 May 1921 Franz Joseph Pr von Hohenzollern-Emden (Heiligendamm 30 Aug 1891-Tübingen 3 Apr 1964)
7e) Anna
Monika Pia (Lindau 4 May 1903-Munich 8 Feb 1976); m.1st Sibyllenort 4 Oct 1926 Joseph Franz, Archduke of Austria (Brünn
28 Mar 1895-Carcavelos, Portugal 25 Sep 1957); m.2d (civ ) Geneva 28 Jul 1972 (rel) Veyrier 9 Sep 1972 Reginald Kazanjian
(Newport, Rhode Island 7 Aug 1905-Geneva 7 Aug 1990)
5d) Maria Josepha Luise Philippine Elisabeth Pia Angea Margarethe (Dresden 31 May 1867-Erlangen
28 May 1944); m.Dresden 2 Oct 1886 Otto, Archduke of Austria (Graz 21 Apr 1865-Vienna 1 Nov 1906)
6d) Johann Georg
Pius Karl Leopold Maria Januarius Anacletus (Dresden 10 Jul 1869-Schloß Altshausen 24 Nov 1938); m.1st Stuttgart 5 Apr
1894 Isabella Dss of Württemberg (Ort 30 Aug 1871-Dresden 24 May 1904); m.2d Cannes 30 Oct 1906 Maria Immacolata Pss
of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Cannes 30 Oct 1874-Muri 28 Nov 1947)
7d) Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl Gregor
Odo (Dresden 17 Nov 1870-Freiburg 12 Jan 1951)
8d) Albert Karl Anton Ludwig Wilhelm Viktor (Dresden 25 Feb 1875-Wolkau
16 Sep 1900)
6c) Maria Sidonia Ludovica Mathilde Wilhelmine Auguste Xaveria Baptista Nepomucena
Veronica Hyacinthia Deodata (Pillnitz 16 Aug 1834-Dresden 1 Mar 1862)
7c) Anna Maria Maximiliane Stephania Karoline
Johanna Luisa Xaveria Nepomucena Aloysia Benedicta (Dresden 4 Jan 1836-Naples 10 Feb 1859); m.Dresden 24 Nov 1856 Ferdinando
IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria (Florence 10 Jun 1835-Salzburg 17 Jan 1908)
8c) Margaretha Karoline
Friederike Cecilie Auguste Amalie Josephine Elisabeth Maria Johanna (Dresden 24 May 1840-Monza 15 Sep 1858); m.Dresden 4 Nov
1856 Karl Ludwig, Archduke of Austria (Schönbrunn 30 Jul 1833-Vienna 19 May 1896)
9c) Sophie Maria Friederike
Auguste Leopoldine Alexandrine Ernestine Albertine Elisabeth (Dresden 15 Mar 1845-Munich 9 Mar 1867); m.Dresden 11 Feb 1865
Karl Theodor Duke in Bavaria (Possenhofen 9 Aug 1839-Kreuth 29 Nov 1909)
7b) Maria Josepha Amalia Beatrix Xaveria
Vincentia Aloysia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantall Anna Apollonia Johanna Nepomucena Walburga Theresia Ambrosia (Dresden
6 Dec 1803-Aranjuez 17 May 1829); m.by proxy at Dresden 28 Aug 1819 and in person at Madrid 20 Oct 1819 King Fernando VII
of Spain (Madrid 14 Oct 1784-Madrid 29 Sep 1833)
7a) Therese Maria Josepha Magdalena Anna Antonia Walburga Ignatia Xaveria Augustina Aloysia Fortunata
(Munich 27 Feb 1761-Dresden 26 Nov 1820)
