Gotha Volume - IIII
Nobility
of the Holy Roman Empire
An Introduction
to the History of
the
Almanach de Gotha - 1763-2012
The Gotha Book entered
the language in its own right with the phrase 'all the Gotha was there'. Historically the Gotha has charted the Ruling Royal
and Princely Houses of Europe; only coming to an end with the Soviet occupation of the former Saxon Duchy of Saxe-Coburg und
Gotha in the Year 1945 after nearly 182 years of Royal listing.
The
Almanach de Gotha made its debut in Saxe-Coburg in 1763, the Court which during the 1760's under Duke Friedrich III and later
under Duke Ernest II attracted the likes of Voltaire and which in the mid 1800's produced Prince Albert as consort for Queen
Victoria. The Gotha's own familiar crown was stamped on the cover of what was to become the ultimate power register of the
ruling classes. Unmoved by government decrees or bribes, those not included in its pages found themselves thwarted, Pretenders
claims left in ruins, by the publisher who would not compromise itself for either inclusion or exclusion. Napoleon's reaction
was typical. On 20 October 1807 the Emperor wrote to his Foreign Minister, de Champagny: 'Monsieur de Champagny, this year's
Almanach de Gotha is badly done. I protest. There should be more of the French Nobility I have created and less of the German
Princes who are no longer sovereign. Furthermore, the Imperial Family of Bonaparte should appear before all other royal dynasties,
and let it be clear that we and not the Bourbons are the House of France. Summon the Minister of the Interior of Gotha at
once so that I personally may order these changes'.
Unmoved,
the Almanach de Gotha simply produced two editions the following year, the first the extremely rare "Edition for France
- at His Imperial Majesty's Request" and the other "The Gotha - Correct in All Detail" Historically the Gotha
was the determining instrument when it came to matters of protocol. Not only were orders of precedence easily checked, but
marriages between parties not listed in the same Gotha section were often considered unequal at some courts, participants
thereby loosing dynastic privileges and sometimes title and rank. The term morganatic applied to the marriage; it derived
from the High German morgangeba, a gift by a groom to his bride on the morning following their wedding. It indicated that
this was the full and only entitlement that the wife could expect from her new husband. Morganatic marriages were often called
'left hand marriages' due to the fact that inequality in rank required the groom to use his left hand instead or the right
during the wedding ceremony.

Some
dynastic house laws in existence today continue to exclude members who marry a spouse from outside the Gotha Part One or Part
Two families. Dynasts loose all rights and refrain from the adoption of ancestral titles. In some German families this can
still mean forfeiture of estates and property. However in a number of recent cases, marriages have been contracted which clearly
fall well beyond the scope of what could be described as equal, but the head of the family at the time has been able to rely
on obscure sub-clauses of family law which allows discretionary permission for such marriages to take place within the set
family house law concerned.

Listings
are now in genealogical order and the issue of morganatic marriages and the marriages themselves are now listed in the main
body of the family entry from which they derive. There are sensible reasons for this. Previously when many more families were
reigning new titles were created and a listing under a new line, in Part Three, placed the new generation according to rank.
It was decided, however, after careful deliberation, that the Gotha should now retain family entries intact where they continue
using the same name. However where an individual has renounced his rights or becomes a non-dynast as a result, we have marked
this fact against the entry where it is the wish of the head of the family that we do so. In this way dynastic breaches are
still clearly distinguished. Historically there has been a divergence of opinion on the question of morganatic marriages.
Whilst some families believed the matter to be an issue of sacred proportions, others, such as Queen Victoria regarded it
as ridiculous.
Only
on one occasion in Britain did the question arise, uniquely the letters patent issued on the creation of the Dukedom of Windsor
provided for the rank and style of Royal Highness for the Duke alone and not his wife or any subsequent issue. But that itself
followed the earlier constitutional ruling by Prime Minister Baldwin, on the advice of lawyers, who were clear that the wife
of a King was the Queen. Whereas It is understandable why, previously a sustained and concerted effort has been made by a
caste to preserve and enhance its own status by means of a highly complex an obscure set of rules. This did of course occasionally
lead to confusion.
The
late Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone once recounted that at formal receptions at the Imperial Court at Berlin, Royal Highnesses
were shepherded by the chamberlains into a room by themselves and were presented to the Kaiser and Kaiserin before the other
royals. Princess Alice recalled that her cousin Princess Pauline of Wurttemberg (Royal Highness, Part I Princess) was so furious
at being separated from her husband the Prince of Wied (Part II Prince but having only the rank of Durchlaucht, that is a
Serene Highness, its meaning can best be literally described as "not the same") that she never returned to Court.
Princess Alice by contrast, the daughter of one of Queen Victoria's sons, Part I Princess) but married to Prince Alexander
of Teck (Queen Mary's brother but only a Part III Prince) found the situation hilarious.

At
the end of World War Two when the Soviets occupied Gotha they immediately stormed the factory where the presses were housed
and within five days, in a public display of protest, destroyed, by burning, most of the genealogical and heraldic archives.
Since the books contained detailed references to the Romanov Dynasty, the attempt to obliterate history was made against these
milestones. But the fate of the entire archive still remains a mystery, what was to the Soviets a classic symbol of a degenerate
bourgeois society, was in any case a substantial archive of Genealogy on European Royalty and Nobility.